Two bactetia phylotypes are predominant in the Suiyo Seamount hydrothermal plume
Two bactetia phylotypes are predominant in the Suiyo Seamount hydrothermal plume
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.70.2.1190-1198.2004
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发表时间：
2004-02-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Maruyama, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sunamura, M;Higashi, Y;Maruyama, A
通过对16S rRNA基因的系统发育分析和荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术，研究了伊豆-波宁弧海底火山绥约海山火山口内热液柱的微生物多样性和种群。与透光率（浊度指标）相对应，通过4',6'-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚（DAPI）染色测定的垂直总细胞计数从5.6 X 10(4)到1.1 X 10(5)个细胞ml（-1）不等，而表观烟柱层被评估为位于火山口内部1,050至1,200 m的深度，含有1.0 X 10(5)至1.1 X 10(5)个细胞ml（-1）。通过原位过滤系统采集的微生物样品，获得了与硫氧化微生物密切相关的两个主要系统发育类群：Proteobacteria的gamma亚类SUP05类群（20个克隆中的13个）和Proteobacteria的epsilon亚类SUP01类群（20个克隆中的5个）。设计了SUP05-187和SUP01-63特异性寡核苷酸探针，并将其应用于水洋海底山的各种水样中。在表观羽流层中，估计高达66%的微生物细胞是与EUB338杂交的细菌细胞，而古菌探针ARCH915鉴定的细胞很少。几乎所有的细菌细胞都难以用已知的群体特异性探针进行鉴定，如ALF19、GAM42a和CF319，而与SUP05-187和bbb88 - 90%的细菌细胞杂交，其中98%被认为是SUP05和SUP01群体的成员。在一个由双壳类生物定殖的小丘喷出的低温喷口液中，SUP05细胞占细菌细胞的99%，这表明部分羽流细胞起源于约1380米深的海底表面。通过进一步分析细胞形态（即细胞大小和细胞伸长指数），我们推断SUP05细胞在深度为1,050至1,200 m的羽流层中活跃，而在近底层中活跃，而在这些层之间发现许多细长细胞。这些发现表明SUP05细胞的形态和分布与热液活动和水循环有着复杂的关系。虽然生长和生产速度仍有待确定，但我们得出的结论是，这个绥约海山破火山口在无光深海环境中为这两种细菌提供了一个自然的连续孵化器。
Microbial diversity and populations in a hydrothermal plume that was present inside the caldera of the Suiyo Seamount, a submarine volcano on the Izu-Bonin Arc, were investigated by performing a phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Corresponding to transmissivity, an indicator of turbidity, the vertical total cell count as determined by 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining varied from 5.6 X 10(4) to 1.1 X 10(5) cells ml(-1), and the apparent plume layer was assessed to be at a depth of 1,050 to 1,200 m inside the caldera and to contain 1.0 X 10(5) to 1.1 X 10(5) cells ml(-1). From microbial samples collected in the plume by an in situ filtration system, the following two major phylogenetic groups, which were closely related to sulfur-oxidizing microbes, were obtained: the SUP05 group belonging to the gamma subclass of the Proteobacteria (13 of 20 clones) and the SUP01 group belonging to the epsilon subclass of the Proteobacteria (5 of 20 clones). Specific oligonucleotide probes for these groups (SUP05-187 and SUP01-63) were designed and were used with various water samples obtained from the Suiyo Seamount. In the apparent plume layer, up to 66% of the total counts of microbial cells were estimated to be Bacteria cells that hybridized to EUB338, and few cells were identified by the archaeal probe ARCH915. Almost all Bacteria cells were hard to identify with the known group-specific probes, such as ALF19, GAM42a, and CF319, while 88 to 90% of the Bacteria cells hybridized with SUP05-187 and >98% of them were considered members of the SUP05 and SUP01 populations. In a low-temperature vent fluid emitted from a bivalve-colonized mound, the SUP05 cells accounted for >99% of the Bacteria cells, suggesting that a portion of the plume cells originated on the surface of the seafloor at a depth of about 1,380 m. From further analysis of cell morphology (i.e., cell size and cell elongation index) we inferred that the SUP05 cells were active in the plume layer at a depth of 1,050 to 1,200 m compared to the activity in a near-bottom layer, while many elongated cells were found between these layers. These findings suggest that the morphology and distribution of SUP05 cells have complex relationships with hydrothermal activities and water circulation. Although growth and production rates remain to be defined, we concluded that this Suiyo Seamount caldera has functioned as a natural continuous incubator for these two phylotypes of Bacteria in an aphotic deep-sea environment.