Forest Loss in Protected Areas and Intact Forest Landscapes: A Global Analysis.
Forest Loss in Protected Areas and Intact Forest Landscapes: A Global Analysis.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0138918
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Räsänen TA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heino M;Kummu M;Makkonen M;Mulligan M;Verburg PH;Jalava M;Räsänen TA
尽管森林具有高度重要性，但过去几十年来，全球森林损失仍然高得惊人。全球范围内的森林损失已被揭示与越来越精细的空间分辨率，但在保护区（PA）和大型完整的森林景观（IFLs）的森林范围和损失尚未得到系统的评估。此外，保护对维护IFL的影响还没有得到很好的理解。在这项研究中，我们对2000-2012年期间保护区和IFL的全球森林损失进行了一致的评估。我们使用最近发布的全球遥感空间森林覆盖变化数据，是一个统一的和一致的数据集在空间和时间上，连同全球数据集的保护区和IFLs的位置。我们的分析显示，在全球范围内，3%的受保护森林，2.5%的完整森林和1.5%的受保护的完整森林在研究期间消失。与同期全球森林总损失5%相比，这些森林损失率相对较高。不同地理区域和国家的森林损失和保护效果差异很大。在某些地区，受保护森林的损失超过5%（如澳大利亚、大洋洲和北美），保护区内的森林损失高于保护区外（如蒙古、非洲部分地区、中亚和欧洲）。与此同时，在一些国家（如南美洲和东南亚），保护被认为可以防止森林丧失。在全球范围内，受保护森林和完整森林的面积加权损失率高与国内生产总值高有关，在受保护森林的情况下，农业用地比例也高。我们的研究结果加强了需要更好地了解的原因，高森林损失的保护区和IFLs和战略，以防止进一步的损失。
In spite of the high importance of forests, global forest loss has remained alarmingly high during the last decades. Forest loss at a global scale has been unveiled with increasingly finer spatial resolution, but the forest extent and loss in protected areas (PAs) and in large intact forest landscapes (IFLs) have not so far been systematically assessed. Moreover, the impact of protection on preserving the IFLs is not well understood. In this study we conducted a consistent assessment of the global forest loss in PAs and IFLs over the period 2000–2012. We used recently published global remote sensing based spatial forest cover change data, being a uniform and consistent dataset over space and time, together with global datasets on PAs’ and IFLs’ locations. Our analyses revealed that on a global scale 3% of the protected forest, 2.5% of the intact forest, and 1.5% of the protected intact forest were lost during the study period. These forest loss rates are relatively high compared to global total forest loss of 5% for the same time period. The variation in forest losses and in protection effect was large among geographical regions and countries. In some regions the loss in protected forests exceeded 5% (e.g. in Australia and Oceania, and North America) and the relative forest loss was higher inside protected areas than outside those areas (e.g. in Mongolia and parts of Africa, Central Asia, and Europe). At the same time, protection was found to prevent forest loss in several countries (e.g. in South America and Southeast Asia). Globally, high area-weighted forest loss rates of protected and intact forests were associated with high gross domestic product and in the case of protected forests also with high proportions of agricultural land. Our findings reinforce the need for improved understanding of the reasons for the high forest losses in PAs and IFLs and strategies to prevent further losses.