Hotspots of Human Mutation.

Hotspots of Human Mutation.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tig.2020.10.003
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发表时间:
2021-08
期刊:
Trends in genetics : TIG
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Beck CR
Beck CR
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nesta AV;Tafur D;Beck CR

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人类基因组的突变导致三类基因组变异:单核苷酸变异;短插入或缺失;和大结构变异(SV)。一些突变发生在正常过程中,如减数分裂重组或B细胞发育,而另一些突变则是由DNA复制或序列特异性环境中断裂的异常修复引起的。无论机制如何,突变都受到选择的影响,一些热点可以在疾病中表现出来。在这里,我们讨论基因组区域容易发生突变,机制有助于突变的易感性,并导致其积累在正常和体细胞基因组的过程。随着人类基因组测序的进一步精确,可能会发现更多的突变热点,其形成的机制细节以及热点与进化和疾病的相关性。
Mutation of the human genome results in three classes of genomic variation: single nucleotide variants; short insertions or deletions; and large structural variants (SVs). Some mutations occur during normal processes, such as meiotic recombination or B cell development, and others result from DNA replication or aberrant repair of breaks in sequence-specific contexts. Regardless of mechanism, mutations are subject to selection, and some hotspots can manifest in disease. Here, we discuss genomic regions prone to mutation, mechanisms contributing to mutation susceptibility, and the processes leading to their accumulation in normal and somatic genomes. With further, more accurate human genome sequencing, additional mutation hotspots, mechanistic details of their formation, and the relevance of hotspots to evolution and disease are likely to be discovered.
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发表时间: 2013-09
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影响因子: 30.8
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