Analysis of land-cover transitions based on 17th and 18th century cadastral maps and aerial photographs
Analysis of land-cover transitions based on 17th and 18th century cadastral maps and aerial photographs
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1008108704358
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Cousins, SAO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cousins, SAO
本文探讨了使用非几何地籍图从17和18世纪与航空照片从1945年和1981年分析瑞典东南部的土地覆盖变化的可能性。欧洲乡村景观中植物种类丰富的植物群落似乎与长期持续的管理有关。从历史数据源获得准确的空间数据是了解当今景观中植被和生物多样性格局的基础。然而，利用正射影像或现代地图上的对应点对非几何地图进行纠正的传统方法并不令人满意，因为内部不准确将保留在地图中。本文提出了一种利用局部变形纠正地图几何不规则性的方法。此外，土地覆被的变化进行了计算，并提出了过渡矩阵。从土壤特性和管理连续性的角度分析了可耕地和草地的范围。结果表明，草地和耕地之间的动态关系，虽然整体比例保持几乎相同的17和18世纪：60%的草地，32%的耕地。土地覆被变化最大的时期是在1945年以前。今天，在研究区域中有18%的草地，而56%的土地覆盖是耕地。目前大约8%的土地覆盖是300年或更长时间的半天然草地。与300年前相比，现在只有1%的草地是泥炭地，2%是粘土地。相比之下，与裸露基岩相关的草原覆盖面积相当稳定。所有半自然草地的管理具有长期的连续性，位于浅土壤，小于50厘米深。从这项研究的主要结论是：（一）正确纠正，旧地图是非常有用的，以解决问题的土地覆盖变化的历史时间，（二）在300多年的土地利用的一般趋势，在这个半北方景观似乎低估了土地利用变化的全部动态，和（三）只有一小部分的半天然草地面积有300年的管理连续性。
This paper explores the possibility of using non-geometric cadastral maps from the 17th and 18th century together with aerial photographs from 1945 and 1981 to analyse land-cover change in south-east Sweden. Habitats rich in plant species in the European rural landscape seem to be correlated with a long continuity of management. Accurate spatial data from historical data sources are fundamental to understand patterns of vegetation and biodiversity in the present-day landscape. However, traditional methods for rectification of non-geometric maps using corresponding points from orthophotos or modern maps are not satisfying, as internal inaccuracies will remain in the maps. This study presents a method to rectify the maps by local warping, thereby eliminating geometrical irregularities. Further, the land-cover changes were calculated and presented as transition matrices. The extent of arable fields and grasslands were analysed in relation to soil characteristics and continuity of management. The results show a dynamic relation between grassland and arable field, albeit the overall proportions remained almost the same between 17th and 18th centuries: 60% grassland to 32% arable field. The most substantial changes in land-cover were prior to 1945. Today there is 18% grasslands left in the study area, while 56% of the land-cover is arable field. Approximately 8% of present-day land-cover is semi-natural grassland 300 years of age or more. Compared to 300 years ago there is only 1% grassland left on peat and 2% on clay. In contrast, grassland covers associated with bare bedrock have been fairly stable in size. All semi-natural grasslands with a long continuity of management were situated on shallow soils, less than 50 cm depth. The major conclusions from this study are that (i) correctly rectified, old maps are very useful to address questions of land-cover changes in historical time, (ii) general trends in land use over 300 years in this hemi-boreal landscape seem to underestimate the full dynamics of land use change, and (iii) only a small proportion of the semi-natural grassland area had a 300 year continuity of management.