How incidental values from the environment affect decisions about money, risk, and delay.
How incidental values from the environment affect decisions about money, risk, and delay.
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797610396225
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发表时间：
2011-02
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Reimers S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ungemach C;Stewart N;Reimers S
0.5英镑和1.5英镑、“机会不大”和“机会很大”、“三个月”和“九个月”有什么不同？我们的研究表明，人们表现得好像这些价值观之间的差异是由偶然的日常经历改变的。面对超市中间价格的人比那些面对较低或较高价格的人更喜欢1.5英镑的彩票，而不是0.5英镑的彩票。预测中等降雨概率的参与者比预测降雨概率较低或较高的参与者更倾向于“有一个好机会”而不是“有一个小机会”中彩票。与计划早晚过生日的参与者相比，计划中间生日的参与者更倾向于“三个月”而不是“九个月”的消费。这些波动直接挑战了将货币、风险和延迟转换为具有稳定功能的主观等价物的经济核算。抽样决策模型（其中主观值是通过与样本的比较构建的排名位置）预测了这些影响，并指出了抽样在决策中的主要作用。
How different are £0.50 and £1.50, “a small chance” and “a good chance,” or “three months” and “nine months”? Our studies show that people behave as if the differences between these values are altered by incidental everyday experiences. Preference for a £1.50 lottery rather than a £0.50 lottery was stronger among individuals exposed to intermediate supermarket prices than among those exposed to lower or higher prices. Preference for “a good chance” rather than “a small chance” of winning a lottery was stronger among participants who predicted intermediate probabilities of rain than among those who predicted lower or higher chances of rain. Preference for consumption in “three months” rather than “nine months” was stronger among participants who planned for an intermediate birthday than among participants who planned for a sooner or later birthday. These fluctuations directly challenge economic accounts that translate monies, risks, and delays into subjective equivalents with stable functions. The decision-by-sampling model—in which subjective values are rank positions constructed from comparisons with samples—predicts these effects and indicates a primary role for sampling in decision making.