Evidence of boosted 13CO/12CO ratio in early-type galaxies in dense environments
Evidence of boosted 13CO/12CO ratio in early-type galaxies in dense environments
复制标题
稠密环境中早期型星系中 13CO/12CO 比率增加的证据
DOI:
10.1093/mnras/stv837
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Alatalo K
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alatalo K
We present observations of13CO(1–0) in 17 Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy ATLAS3Dearly-type galaxies (ETGs), obtained simultaneously with12CO(1–0) observations. The13CO in six ETGs is sufficiently bright to create images. In these six sources, we do not detect any significant radial gradient in the13CO/12CO ratio between the nucleus and the outlying molecular gas. Using the12CO channel maps as 3D masks to stack the13CO emission, we are able to detect 15/17 galaxies to >3σ (and 12/17 to at least 5σ) significance in a spatially integrated manner. Overall, ETGs show a wide distribution of13CO/12CO ratios, but Virgo cluster and group galaxies preferentially show a13CO/12CO ratio about two times larger than field galaxies, although this could also be due to a mass dependence, or the CO spatial extent (RCO/Re). ETGs whose gas has a morphologically settled appearance also show boosted13CO/12CO ratios. We hypothesize that this variation could be caused by (i) the extra enrichment of gas from molecular reprocessing occurring in low-mass stars (boosting the abundance of13C to12C in the absence of external gas accretion), (ii) much higher pressure being exerted on the mid-plane gas (by the intracluster medium) in the cluster environment than in isolated galaxies, or (iii) all but the densest molecular gas clumps being stripped as the galaxies fall into the cluster. Further observations of13CO in dense environments, particularly of spirals, as well as studies of other isotopologues, should be able to distinguish between these hypotheses.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17537.x
发表时间:
2005-06
影响因子:
4.8
作者:
A. Crocker;M. Bureau;L. Young;F. Combes
通讯作者:
A. Crocker;M. Bureau;L. Young;F. Combes
DOI:
10.1088/0004-637x/780/2/186
发表时间:
2013
期刊:
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子:
--
作者:
Alatalo K
通讯作者:
Alatalo K
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2002
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
K. Kohno;T. Tosaki;S. Matsushita;B. Vila;T. Shibatsuka;R. Kawabe
通讯作者:
R. Kawabe
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2009
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
A. Ritchey;S. Federman;D. Lambert
通讯作者:
D. Lambert
DOI:
--
发表时间:
1999
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
E. Athanassoula;Martin Bureau
通讯作者:
Martin Bureau