Zero-Emission Medium- and Heavy-duty Truck Technology, Markets, and Policy Assessments for California
Zero-Emission Medium- and Heavy-duty Truck Technology, Markets, and Policy Assessments for California
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加州零排放中型和重型卡车技术、市场和政策评估
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Marshall Miller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Burke;Marshall Miller
作者：安德鲁·伯克博士；米勒·马歇尔博士 |摘要：本报告评估了零排放中型和重型车辆技术、其相关成本、预计市场份额以及支持其采用的可能政策要求和激励措施。成本比较表明，电池电动公交车和城市送货卡车是零排放车辆（ZEV）中最具经济吸引力的，因为它们的盈亏平衡里程只占预期总里程的一小部分。这些使用燃料电池的 ZEV 的氢成本为 5 美元/公斤，也很有吸引力。对于采用 ZEV 而言，经济上最没有吸引力的车辆类型是长途卡车和城际巴士。出于多种原因，制定公共汽车和卡车的指令将比乘用车更加困难，包括车辆的尺寸和成本以及它们在商业、以利润为导向的车队中的使用方式的巨大差异。最好的方法是为具有相似尺寸、成本特征、使用模式和所有权/商业模式的车辆类别制定单独的指令。这些规定应与因车辆类型/类别、年份或累计销量而异的激励措施相结合，以考虑预期价格随时间下降的影响。
Author(s): Burke, Andrew, PhD; Miller, Marshall, PhD | Abstract: This report assesses zero emissions medium- and heavy-duty vehicle technologies, their associated costs, projected market share, and possible policy mandates and incentives to support their adoption. Cost comparisons indicate that battery-electric transit buses and city delivery trucks are the most economically attractive of the zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) based on their break-even mileage being a small fraction of the expected total mileage. These ZEVs using fuel cells are also attractive for a hydrogen cost of $5/kg. The most economically unattractive vehicle types for ZEV adoption are long-haul trucks and inter-city buses. Developing mandates for buses and trucks will be more difficult than for passenger cars for several reasons, including the large differences in the size and cost of the vehicles and the ways they are used in commercial, profit-oriented fleets. The best approach will be to develop separate mandates for classes of vehicles that have similar sizes, cost characteristics, use patterns, and ownership/business models. These mandates should be coupled to incentives that vary by vehicle type/class and by year or accumulated sales volume, to account for the effects of expected price reductions with time.