Special issue on antihydrogen and positronium
Special issue on antihydrogen and positronium
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反氢和正电子号特刊
DOI：
10.1088/1361-6455/aa75d8
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Charlton M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Charlton M
自近90年前被预测和发现以来，正电子（e+）一直是人们着迷、探索、操纵和应用的对象。当狄拉克第一次成功地将量子力学与狭义相对论结合起来时，它的到来开启了物理学的新时代，在这个时代，理解粒子（包括由反物质组成的粒子）及其相互作用，以及支撑其性质和行为的对称性变得非常重要。粒子物理学多年来的进步导致了所谓的标准模型的发展，在这个模型中，反物质的作用是天生的。这个模型告诉我们，粒子和反粒子的性质应该是完全相等的，或者是相等但相反的。因此，正电子和电子（e-）应该具有相同的静止质量，但电荷相反。此外，复合反物质系统，如反质子p，应该具有与质子p类似的性质，而原子和反原子（这里我们主要关注的是氢H和反氢H）应该具有相同的光谱性质。到目前为止，无论何时我们检查，我们都发现这些对称性符合测量精度（参见，例如，[2]最近的评论）。然而，在这种舒适的理解背后隐藏着一个谜。标准模型，我们最好的粒子物理学理论，不能解释为什么宇宙似乎几乎没有反物质。这一点的一个等价表达是，我们不理解为什么存在一个供我们观察和居住的物质宇宙，因为在大爆炸中产生的物质和反物质应该（几乎）完全相互湮灭，留下一个主要由光子组成的宇宙。这显然不是目前许多粒子物理研究的主要动机，它为H的研究提供了基础之一。在发现正电子后不久，人们就指出了电子+-电子−束缚态的存在[3]，并很快将其命名为电子偶素，Ps [4]。随着它的发现以及随后多伊奇和同事们对它的一些性质的开创性研究，人们的兴趣被唤醒了[5-7]。研究Ps的一个主要动机是它是束缚态量子电动力学（QED）的范式系统，因为它没有由于较重的结构而引起的强子复杂性。
Since its prediction and discovery nearly 90 years ago, the positron (e+) has been the object of fascination, exploration, manipulation and application. Its arrival, when Dirac first successfully united quantum mechanics with special relativity [1], ushered in a new era in physics in which it became important to understand particles (including those comprised of antimatter) and their interactions, and the symmetries that underpin their nature and behaviour. Advances over many years in particle physics led to the development of the so-called Standard Model in which the role of antimatter is innate.What this model tells us is that the properties of particles and antiparticles should either be identically equal, or equal but opposite. Thus, the positron and the electron (e-) should have the same rest mass, but opposite charge. Furthermore, composite antimatter systems, such as the antiproton, p, should have properties similarly related to those of the proton (p) whilst atoms and anti-atoms (and here we are principally concerned with hydrogen, H, and antihydrogen, H) should have, for instance, identical spectral properties. And so far, whenever we have checked, we have found these symmetries to be obeyed to the measurement precision (see, eg,[2] for a recent review). However, behind this cosy understanding lies a puzzle. The standard model, our best theory of particle physics, cannot explain why the universe appears to be almost devoid of antimatter. An equivalent expression of this is that we do not understand why there is a material universe for us to observe and inhabit, since the matter and antimatter created in the big bang should have (almost) completely mutually annihilated leaving a universe comprised mainly of photons. That this is clearly not the case is a major motivation for many current particle physics investigations, and it provides one of the bases for the study of H. That an e+–e− bound state could exist was pointed out shortly after the discovery of the positron [3], and was soon known as positronium, Ps [4]. Interest awoke with its discovery and the ensuing seminal investigations of some of its properties by Deutsch and co-workers [5–7]. A major motivation for the study of Ps is that it is the paradigm system for bound state quantum electrodynamics (QED) since there are no hadronic complications due to the structure of heavier
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DOI：
10.1088/0953-4075/49/6/064002
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. McConnell;G. Gabrielse;W. Kolthammer;P. Richerme;A. Müllers;J. Walz;D. Grzonka;M. Zielinski;D. Fitzakerley;M. George;E. A. Hessels;C. H. Storry;M. Weel
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
B. Radics;Y. Yamazaki
通讯作者：
Y. Yamazaki
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
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正电子素基态超精细结构区间的精确测定。
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
M. W. Ritter;P. Egan;V. Hughes;K. Woodle
通讯作者：
K. Woodle
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
A. Mills
通讯作者：
A. Mills