SLEEP-APNEA AND ITS CAUSES
SLEEP-APNEA AND ITS CAUSES
复制标题
DOI：
10.1172/jci111355
复制
发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
CHERNIACK, NS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CHERNIACK, NS
breathing during the night have been divided into two types, central apneas and obstructive apneas (5, 6). In central apneas there is no sign of respiratory activity-some central mechanism seems to be at fault. In obstructive apneas, respiratory efforts continue but there is no flow of air at either the nose or mouth. It is believed that a block in the upper airway occurs that prevents the movement of air into the lungs. The distinction between obstructive and central apnea is not always clear. Frequently apneas are mixed in type, beginning with a central component and followed by an obstructive period where respiratory movements reappear but are ineffectual in producing ventilation because of upper airway occlusion. Many patients have both kinds of apnea even within the same night. Also, therapeutic interventions which are designed to prevent the occurrence of one or the other forms of apnea may substitute one type for the other (13).Particular subjects seem to be especially prone to sleep apneas, which are most frequent in the lighter forms of NREM (stage I and II) and REM sleep (10). Apneas are most often seen in the elderly and in males; they occur infrequently in premenopausal women. Many, but not all, adult patients with sleep apnea are obese, and some have an anatomical abnormality that narrows the upper airway (14, 15, 16). Whether or not sleep apneas of infancy are related to the sleep apneas in adults is unclear. It used to be believed that the apneas ofinfancy were central in type, but it is now recognized that many of them are obstructive (17).
