Effect of prenatal exposure to ethanol on glutamate and GABA immunoreactivity in macaque somatosensory and motor cortices: Critical timing of exposure
Effect of prenatal exposure to ethanol on glutamate and GABA immunoreactivity in macaque somatosensory and motor cortices: Critical timing of exposure
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.10.060
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Miller, MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller, MW
本研究探讨了妊娠期乙醇暴露对体感/运动皮层投射神经元和局部回路神经元分布持久变化的影响。皮质生成的关键事件发生在猕猴妊娠期间：妊娠的前六周包括初级干细胞的产生期，接下来的 18 周以皮质神经元的出生、迁移、早期分化和死亡为标志。在妊娠的前 6 周或整个 24 周期间，猴子每周每天接触乙醇（或盐水）。后代在青少年时期就被杀害。分别用针对谷氨酸和抗-GABA的抗体通过免疫组织化学方法鉴定投射神经元和局部回路神经元。在所有动物中，投射神经元和局部回路神经元都分布在体感和运动皮层的所有层中。乙醇不会影响甲酚紫染色、谷氨酸阳性或 GABA 免疫标记体细胞的大小，但它确实会降低神经元密度。在妊娠的前六周和整个妊娠 24 周期间，每周每天使用乙醇（或盐水）处理猴子的甲酚紫染色神经元的总密度有所降低。谷氨酸和 GABA 阳性神经元也检测到类似的减少。所有皮质层中甲酚紫染色的神经元以及表达谷氨酸和 GABA 的神经元的密度均降低。唯一的例外是 V 层，在妊娠前 6 周和整个 24 周期间，每周一天用乙醇（或盐水）处理的猴子不受影响。因此，对两个神经元亚群的平行影响表明乙醇针对的是未确定的神经元前体群。 (c) 2005 年由 Elsevier Ltd 代表 IBRO 出版。
The present study explored the effects of gestational ethanol exposure on enduring changes in the distribution of projection neurons and local circuit neurons in somatosensory/motor cortex. Critical events in corticogenesis occur during macaque gestation: the first six weeks of gestation include the period of primary stem cell production and the next 18 weeks are marked by the birth, migration, early differentiation, and death of cortical neurons. Monkeys were exposed to ethanol (or saline) one day per week during the first six or during the entire 24 weeks of gestation. Offspring were killed as adolescents. Projection neurons and local circuit neurons were identified immunohistochemically with antibodies directed against glutamate and anti-GABA, respectively. In all animals, both projection neurons and local circuit neurons were distributed in all laminae of both somatosensory and motor cortices. Ethanol did not affect the size of Cresyl Violet-stained, glutamate-positive, or GABA-immuno-labeled somata, however, it did decrease neuronal density. The total density of Cresyl Violet-stained neurons was reduced in monkeys treated with ethanol (or saline) one day per week during the first six weeks of gestation and during the entire 24 weeks of gestation. Similar reductions were detected for glutamate- and GABA-positive neurons. The densities of Cresyl Violet-stained and of glutamate- and GABA-expressing neurons were reduced in all cortical layers. The only exception was layer V which was unaffected in monkeys treated with ethanol (or saline) one day per week during the first six weeks of gestation and during the entire 24 weeks of gestation. Thus, the parallel effects on both neuronal sub-populations suggest that ethanol targets a population of undetermined neuronal precursors. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO.