Physiological traits and cereal germplasm for sustainable agricultural systems
Physiological traits and cereal germplasm for sustainable agricultural systems
复制标题
可持续农业系统的生理特性和谷物种质
作者：
R. Richards;M. Watt;G. Rebetzke
当考虑农业可持续发展时，植物育种不是一门容易想到的学科。可持续性通常与留茬、直接打孔等耕作措施有关，或等高线耕作或施石灰等改良措施，或养分管理和疾病控制的轮作措施。植物育种的贡献将是为这些改变的做法提供种质，并设计新的选择方法。本文回顾了植物育种有助于改善可持续农业实践的机会。重点是雨养作物系统和谷物改良。育种的主要贡献是：(I)增加作物水分和养分的利用，以减少从根部流失；(Ii)通过培育专门适应改变的耕作制度的品种和减少除草剂使用的竞争性品种，通过保护性耕作制度保护土壤资源。为了实现这些结果，对理想性状的鉴定、合适的选择方法和合适的种质资源的开发进行了讨论。
Plant breeding is not a discipline that readily comes to mind when agricultural sustainability is being considered. Sustainability is normally associated with farming practices such as stubble retention, direct-drilling, or amelioration practices such as contour farming or liming, or rotation practices for nutrient management and disease control. The contribution of plant breeding will be in providing germplasm for these changed practices and devising new methods of selection. This paper reviews opportunities where plant breeding can contribute to improvements in sustainable farming practices. The emphasis is on rainfed cropping systems and cereal improvement. The main contribution for breeding is to (i) increase crop water and nutrient use so that less escapes from the root profile; and (ii) preserve the soil resource with conservation farming systems by developing cultivars specifically adapted to changed farming systems and competitive cultivars that reduce herbicide use. To achieve these outcomes identification of desirable traits, suitable selection methods and development of appropriate germplasm are discussed.