Seismological Evidence for a Low‐Yield Nuclear Test on 12 May 2010 in North Korea

Seismological Evidence for a Low‐Yield Nuclear Test on 12 May 2010 in North Korea
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DOI:
10.1785/02201401170
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Miao Zhang;L. Wen
Miao Zhang;L. Wen
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Miao Zhang;L. Wen

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在线资料:位置不确定性估计波形对比图、位置图和Pg / Lg谱比;地震参数和Lg波振幅比表。朝鲜民主主义人民共和国(朝鲜)进行的三次核试验(2006年,2009年和2013年)都被许多政府和国际机构(例如,联合S.地质调查局[USGS]和全面禁止核试验条约组织[CTBTO])。这些测试的位置和产量也被许多研究小组广泛研究(例如,理查兹和金,2007年;科珀等人,2008年;赵等人,2008年、2012年、2014年;墨菲等人,2010年;温和龙,2010年;春等人,2011年;张和温,2013年)。然而,政府机构和研究团体正在就朝鲜是否进行了其他小型核试验进行激烈辩论。特别是,De Geer(2012年)报告说,2010年5月13日至23日,在韩国、日本和俄罗斯联邦的四个大气放射性核素监测站检测到氙和氙子体放射性核素。他认为钡-140的存在只能用一个突然的核事件来解释,相应的三硝基甲苯当量在50-200吨之间,估计时间为2010年5月11日UTC 6:00+18 hr/−30 hr(De Geer,2012;另见Brumfiel,2012)。2010年5月中旬可能进行的核试验的裂变材料是铀-235,而不是根据在韩国巨镇探测到的放射性氙信号推断的钚-239(De Geer,2012,2013),尽管Wright(2013)认为它们不能明确区分。
Online Material: Location uncertainty estimation; figures of waveform comparison, location maps, and Pg / Lg spectral ratios; tables of earthquake parameters and Lg ‐wave amplitude ratios. Three nuclear tests (in 2006, 2009, and 2013) conducted by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) are all detected and confirmed by many governmental and international agencies (e.g., the U. S. Geological Survey [USGS] and the Comprehensive Nuclear‐Test‐Ban Treaty Organization [CTBTO]). The locations and yields of these tests have also been extensively studied by many research groups (e.g., Richards and Kim, 2007; Koper et al. , 2008; Zhao et al. , 2008, 2012, 2014; Murphy et al. , 2010; Wen and Long, 2010; Chun et al. , 2011; Zhang and Wen, 2013). However, it is under intensive debate among the governmental agencies and research groups whether North Korea has conducted other small nuclear tests. In particular, De Geer (2012) reported the detection of xenon and xenon daughter radionuclides between 13 and 23 May 2010 in four atmospheric radionuclide surveillance stations, located in South Korea, Japan, and the Russian Federation. He suggested the presence of barium‐140 can be explained only by a sudden nuclear event, with the corresponding trinitrotoluene equivalent in a range of 50–200 t and the estimated time‐zero at 6:00+18 hr/−30 hr UTC on 11 May 2010 (De Geer, 2012; see also Brumfiel, 2012). The fissile material of the possible mid‐May 2010 nuclear test is indicated as uranium‐235 rather than the plutonium‐239 inferred from the radioxenon signal detected at Geojin in South Korea (De Geer, 2012, 2013), although Wright (2013) suggested they cannot be clearly discriminated …