D-amphetamine, cocaine and caffeine: a comparative study of acute effects on locomotor activity and behavioural patterns in rats
D-amphetamine, cocaine and caffeine: a comparative study of acute effects on locomotor activity and behavioural patterns in rats
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0149-7634(98)00020-7
复制
发表时间：
1998-12-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Marselos, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Antoniou, K;Kafetzopoulos, E;Marselos, M
尽管旷场行为被认为是啮齿动物运动活动的有效和可靠的指标，但传统上在这项测试中记录的简单测量方法不容易区分同一一般类别的化合物，例如精神刺激剂。开发本方法是为了便于对药物处理的大鼠的行为进行详细和持续的观察。除了自动(光电池)测量一般的运动活动外，行为学技术还被用来记录站立、移动、嗅嗅、哺育、梳理、抓挠、闻空气、冻僵、摇头和舔的频率和持续时间。还进行了一系列因素分析，以进一步确定治疗引起的行为结构变化的特征。研究的化合物是d-苯丙胺(0.5、1.5、3、6 mg/kg)、可卡因(5、10、20、50 mg/kg)和咖啡因(5、10、20、40 mg/kg)。虽然所有三种精神刺激剂都增加了对一般运动活动的自动测量，但可卡因(产生最大影响)在测试的剂量范围内单调地增加了一般活动，而其他两种化合物的兴奋作用在较高剂量时要么减少(d-苯丙胺)，要么消除(咖啡因)。更详细的观察证实了这些化合物在效果上的差异。例如，可卡因后，移动的频率和持续时间随剂量的增加而增加，而d-苯丙胺和咖啡因再次产生钟形的剂量-反应曲线。然而，虽然中低剂量的d-苯丙胺减少了移动、嗅觉和站立的平均时间，但在测试的最高剂量下没有观察到这样的影响。这一发现，再加上行为特征中出现的舔东西，表明人们对高剂量这种化合物的反应具有刻板印象，尽管可卡因和咖啡因都不会导致刻板印象。由于因子分析还显示了与这三种药物相关的截然不同的行为结构，目前的研究结果表明，对行为的详细观察是研究精神刺激剂行为药理学的一种有用方法。(C)1998爱思唯尔科学有限公司。保留所有权利。
Although open-field behaviour has been considered a valid and reliable index of locomotor activity in rodents, the simple measures traditionally recorded in this test do not readily allow for differentiation between compounds of the same general class, e.g. psychostimulants. The present methodology was developed to facilitate detailed and continuous observations on the behaviour of drug-treated rats. In addition to an automated (photocell) measure of general locomotor activity, ethological techniques were used to record the frequency and duration of standing, moving, sniffing, rearing, grooming, scratching, sniffing air, freezing, head-swinging and licking. A series of factor analyses was also performed in order to further characterize treatment-induced changes in the structure of behaviour. Compounds studied were d-amphetamine (0.5, 1.5, 3, 6 mg/kg), cocaine (5, 10, 20, 50 mg/kg) and caffeine (5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg). Although all three psychostimulants increased the automated measure of general locomotor activity, cocaine (which produced the largest effects) monotonically increased general activity over the dose range tested, whereas the stimulant effects of the other two compounds were either reduced (d-amphetamine) or eliminated (caffeine) at higher doses. More detailed observations provided confirmation of the differences in effect produced by these compounds. For example, the frequency and duration of 'moving' dose-dependently increased after cocaine, while d-amphetamine and caffeine again produced bell-shaped dose-response curves. However, whereas low-intermediate doses of d-amphetamine reduced the mean duration of moving, sniffing and rearing, no such effect was observed at the highest dose tested. This finding, together with the appearance of licking in the behavioural repertoire, suggests a stereotyped character to responses seen at high doses of this compound, though neither cocaine nor caffeine induced stereotypy. As factor analyses also revealed quite different behavioural structures associated with these three drugs, present findings demonstrate that detailed observation of behaviour represents a useful approach to research on the behavioural pharmacology of psychostimulants. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.