Habits and their creatures
Habits and their creatures
复制标题
习惯及其生物
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
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通讯作者：
E. Shove
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Shove
对环境可持续性至关重要的大部分消费是习惯性的、经常性的和普通的。不管你喜不喜欢，旨在将行为导向亲环境方向的策略必须与这种习惯性方面作斗争。大多数这样做的尝试将习惯视为改变的障碍，并将其视为一种自动的，频繁的和在稳定环境中设定的行为。在类似的分析中，这些习惯是人们学会的、拥有的、偶尔失去的行为。在本文中，我探讨的相关性和价值，把这个话题，并接近它从习惯的角度来看。如果我们坚持这种思维方式，如果我们假设我们不是通过习惯而获得习惯，那么熟悉的问题就会以非常不同的方式出现，新的问题就会出现。习惯如何找到合适的载体？习惯被看作是需要反复、持续复制的实践，它与其他要求不高的追求有什么关系？社会的节奏是如何由习惯的总和来定义的？政策制定者能做些什么来帮助可持续的习惯吸引大量人口，并将其他更具破坏性的习惯排除在外吗？在本文中，我将这些问题推向极限。从这个思想实验所提供的Vantage位置，我评论的传统和实践为中心的概念化习惯的方法的政策含义。
Much of the consumption that matters for environmental sustainability is habitual, recurrent and ordinary. Like it or not, strategies designed to steer behaviour in proenvironmental directions have to grapple with this habitual aspect. Most attempts to do so treat habit as an obstacle to change, and as a type of behaviour that is automatic, frequent and set within a stable context. In analyses like these habits are behaviours that people pick up, have and occasionally lose. In this paper I explore the relevance and value of turning this topic around and of approaching it from the habit’s point of view. If we persist with this way of thinking, and if we assume that rather than acquiring habits we are acquired by them, familiar questions appear in a very different light and new ones arise. How do habits locate suitable carriers? How do habits, viewed as practices that require recurrent, consistent reproduction, relate to other less demanding pursuits? How is the rhythm of society defined by the sum total of habits? Can policy makers do anything to help sustainable habits capture large swathes of the population and edge other more damaging habits out of the way? In this paper I push such questions to the limit. From the vantage point afforded by this thought experiment I comment on the policy implications of conventional and practice-centric methods of conceptualising habit.