From Rags to Riches: Assessing poverty and vulnerability in urban Nepal
From Rags to Riches: Assessing poverty and vulnerability in urban Nepal
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0226646
复制
发表时间：
2020-02-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Elsey, Helen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ensor, Tim;Bhattarai, Radheshyam;Elsey, Helen
城市化带来了快速的社会经济变化，生计不稳定，资产所有权不稳定。然而，目前对财富的衡量主要基于农村地区的静态生计。我们试图评估七种常见的财富衡量标准在多大程度上恰当地反映了城市地区对贫困的脆弱性。然后，我们试图制定一个衡量尼泊尔一个城市地区特点的标准。我们收集并分析了2017年11月至2018年1月期间进行的调查中收集的1，180个家庭的数据，旨在代表加德满都山谷。在贫民窟和非贫民窟社区使用参与性定性方法对一组家庭进行了单独调查。一系列目前使用的贫困指数是根据问卷调查数据计算出来的。我们使用双变量统计方法来检查每个指标之间的关联，并确定贫困和非贫困的特征。定性数据被用来从城市贫困社区的角度确定贫困的特征，并被用来构建一个城市贫困指数，该指数结合了资产和消费，侧重于具体的贫困衡量标准，可以通过多变量建模评估的容易衡量的指标来替代。我们发现，每种贫困程度之间都有很强但并不完美的联系。在比较消费和剥夺指数对19%样本的分类时，存在分歧。选择短期货币和长期资本办法是造成差异的主要原因。那些报告因经济需要而移徙的人最有可能被归类为穷人。制定了一个综合指数，以反映贫困的这些方面，并了解城市的脆弱性。编制了该指数的第二版，可以使用较小范围的变量计算，以确定贫困人口。目前的措施可能掩盖了城市贫困的重要方面。那些出于经济需要而移民的人尤其脆弱。社会经济状况综合指数有助于反映经济脆弱性的复杂性质。
Urbanisation brings with it rapid socio-economic change with volatile livelihoods and unstable ownership of assets. Yet, current measures of wealth are based predominantly on static livelihoods found in rural areas. We sought to assess the extent to which seven common measures of wealth appropriately capture vulnerability to poverty in urban areas. We then sought to develop a measure that captures the characteristics of one urban area in Nepal. We collected and analysed data from 1,180 households collected during a survey conducted between November 2017 and January 2018 and designed to be representative of the Kathmandu valley. A separate survey of a sub set of households was conducted using participatory qualitative methods in slum and non-slum neighbourhoods. A series of currently used indices of deprivation were calculated from questionnaire data. We used bivariate statistical methods to examine the association between each index and identify characteristics of poor and non-poor. Qualitative data was used to identify characteristics of poverty from the perspective of urban poor communities which were used to construct an Urban Poverty Index that combined asset and consumption focused context specific measures of poverty that could be proxied by easily measured indicators as assessed through multivariate modelling. We found a strong but not perfect association between each measure of poverty. There was disagreement when comparing the consumption and deprivation index on the classification of 19% of the sample. Choice of short-term monetary and longerterm capital approaches accounted for much of the difference. Those who reported migrating due to economic necessity were most likely to be categorised as poor. A combined index was developed to capture these dimension of poverty and understand urban vulnerability. A second version of the index was constructed that can be computed using a smaller range of variables to identify those in poverty. Current measures may hide important aspects of urban poverty. Those who migrate out of economic necessity are particularly vulnerable. A composite index of socioeconomic status helps to capture the complex nature of economic vulnerability.