Colloquium: Artificial gauge potentials for neutral atoms
Colloquium: Artificial gauge potentials for neutral atoms
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.83.1523
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发表时间：
2011-11-30
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
Oehberg, Patrik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dalibard, Jean;Gerbier, Fabrice;Oehberg, Patrik
当中性原子在适当设计的激光场中运动时，它的质心运动可以模仿带电粒子在磁场中的动力学，并出现类似洛伦兹力。在这个座谈会的物理原理的基础上，这种人工（合成）磁性。相应的Aharonov-Bohm相位与Berry相位有关，Berry相位出现在原子与激光相互作用的修饰态之一时。本文讨论了冷量子气体人工磁性的某些表现，特别是涡旋成核现象。分析，然后推广到非阿贝尔规范位的模拟和一些引人注目的后果，如出现了一个有效的自旋轨道耦合。散装气体和离散系统，原子被困在一个光学晶格的情况下，解决。
When a neutral atom moves in a properly designed laser field, its center-of-mass motion may mimic the dynamics of a charged particle in a magnetic field, with the emergence of a Lorentz-like force. In this Colloquium the physical principles at the basis of this artificial (synthetic) magnetism are presented. The corresponding Aharonov-Bohm phase is related to the Berry's phase that emerges when the atom adiabatically follows one of the dressed states of the atom-laser interaction. Some manifestations of artificial magnetism for a cold quantum gas, in particular, in terms of vortex nucleation are discussed. The analysis is then generalized to the simulation of non-Abelian gauge potentials and some striking consequences are presented, such as the emergence of an effective spin-orbit coupling. Both the cases of bulk gases and discrete systems, where atoms are trapped in an optical lattice, are addressed.