The training and transfer of real-world perceptual expertise
The training and transfer of real-world perceptual expertise
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00795.x
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Sheinberg, DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tanaka, JW;Curran, T;Sheinberg, DL
知觉专业知识的一个标志是，专家在比新手更具体、更从属的抽象层次上对对象进行分类。次级学习在多大程度上有助于知觉专业知识向新范例和新类别的转移？在这项研究中，参与者学会了将10种涉水鸟和10种猫头鹰分类为从属物种（例如，“大蓝冠苍鹭”、“东部尖叫猫头鹰”）或家族（“涉水鸟”、“猫头鹰”）抽象级别。在训练过程中，视觉暴露量相等，因此参与者接受了相同数量的涉水鸟和猫头鹰的学习试验。训练前和训练后的表现进行了测量，在相同/不同的歧视任务，参与者判断是否对鸟类刺激属于相同或不同的物种。在物种水平的歧视培训的参与者表现出更大的转移到新的范例和新的物种类别比在家庭水平的歧视培训的参与者。这些研究结果表明，知觉分类，而不是知觉曝光本身，是重要的发展和推广的视觉专业知识。
A hallmark of perceptual expertise is that experts classify objects at a more specific, subordinate level of abstraction than novices. To what extent does subordinate-level learning contribute to the transfer of perceptual expertise to novel exemplars and novel categories? In this study, participants learned to classify 10 varieties of wading birds and 10 varieties of owls at either the subordinate, species (e.g., "great blue crown heron,""eastern screech owl") or the family ("wading bird,""owl") level of abstraction. During training, the amount of visual exposure was equated such that participants received an equal number of learning trials for wading birds and owls. Pre- and posttraining performance was measured in a same/different discrimination task in which participants judged whether pairs of bird stimuli belonged to the same or different species. Participants trained in species-level discrimination demonstrated greater transfer to novel exemplars and novel species categories than participants trained in family-level discrimination. These findings suggest that perceptual categorization, not perceptual exposure per se, is important for the development and generalization of visual expertise.