Determination of scotopic and photopic conventional visual acuity and hyperacuity
Determination of scotopic and photopic conventional visual acuity and hyperacuity
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DOI：
10.1007/s00417-019-04505-w
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发表时间：
2019-11-21
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Hoffmann, M. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Freundlieb, P. H.;Herbik, A.;Hoffmann, M. B.
目的 视敏度 (VA) 是视觉功能的重要决定因素。在这里，我们建立了超越经典 VA 的 VA 测试程序和建议，从而使它们可用于健康和疾病中视觉功能的未来研究。具体来说，我们提供明视和暗视常规不拥挤视力（cVA）和游标超视力（hVA）的参考值，并评估其再现性和对对比极性的依赖性。方法 对于 10 名视力正常的观察者，我们确定了明视（“p”；最大亮度 220 cd/m(2)）和暗视（“s”；最大亮度 0.004 cd/m(2)；40 分钟暗适应）cVA 和 hVA，两种对比极性，即白色背景上的黑色视标，反之亦然。为了评估休会期间的影响，在不同日期获得了两组测量值。结果 与 pcVA（1.32 十进制 VA；- 0.12 +/- 0.02 LogMAR）相比，phVA（14.45 十进制 VA；- 1.16 +/- 0.04 LogMAR）平均缩放（以十进制视力计）为 11.0 倍，scVA（0.12 十进制 VA；0.91 +/- 0.03 LogMAR）平均为 11.0 倍。因子为 0.1，shVA（1.47 十进制 VA；- 0.17 +/- 0.02 LogMAR）因子为 1.1。对比极性 (p > 0.12) 和疗程 (p > 0.28) 均没有显着影响。结论 我们的方法优化了综合明视和暗视 cVA 和 hVA 测量的通用性，从而鼓励在未来的研究中整合这些重要的暗视视觉功能测量。没有强烈的间歇效应表明不需要专门的培训课程来获得暗视和 hVA 测量。暗视和明视 VA 的综合测量开辟了研究视网膜感光系统的相互作用和可塑性以及健康和视觉疾病中的皮质处理的应用领域。根据经验，超敏锐度在明视和暗视范围内均比传统敏锐度高 10 倍。因此，暗视超敏度接近于明视常规敏度。
Purpose Visual acuity (VA) is an important determinant of visual function. Here we establish procedures and recommendations for VA testing extending beyond the classical VA and thus make them available for future studies of visual function in health and disease. Specifically, we provide reference values for photopic and scotopic conventional uncrowded visual acuity (cVA) and Vernier-hyperacuity (hVA) and assess their reproducibility and dependence on contrast polarity. Methods For ten observers with normal vision, we determined photopic ("p"; maximal luminance 220 cd/m(2)) and scotopic ("s"; maximal luminance 0.004 cd/m(2); 40 min of dark adaptation) cVA and hVA, for two contrast polarities i.e. black optotypes on white background and vice versa. To assess intersession effects, two sets of measurements were obtained on different days. Results Compared to pcVA (1.32 decimal VA; - 0.12 +/- 0.02 LogMAR), the phVA (14.45 decimal VA; - 1.16 +/- 0.04 LogMAR) scaled (in terms of decimal visual acuity) on average with a factor 11.0, the scVA (0.12 decimal VA; 0.91 +/- 0.03 LogMAR) with a factor of 0.1, and the shVA (1.47 decimal VA; - 0.17 +/- 0.02 LogMAR) with a factor of 1.1. There were neither significant effects of contrast polarity (p > 0.12), nor of session (p > 0.28). Conclusions Our approach optimises integrated photopic and scotopic cVA and hVA measurements for general use and thus encourages the integration of these important measures of scotopic visual function in future studies. The absence of strong intersession effects demonstrates that no dedicated training session is needed to obtain scotopic and hVA measurements. The combined measures of scotopic and photopic VAs open a field of applications to study interplay and plasticity of the retinal photoreceptor systems and cortical processing in health and visual disease. As a rule of thumb, hyperacuity is 10x higher both in the photopic and scotopic range than conventional acuity. Thus, scotopic hyperacuity is close to photopic conventional acuity.