Automated and scalable Computerized Assessment of Motor Imitation (CAMI) in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder using a single 2D camera: A pilot study
Automated and scalable Computerized Assessment of Motor Imitation (CAMI) in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder using a single 2D camera: A pilot study
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101840
复制
发表时间：
2021-08-14
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Mostofsky, Stewart H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lidstone, Daniel E.;Rochowiak, Rebecca;Mostofsky, Stewart H.
背景：自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童普遍存在运动模仿困难。先前的研究证明了一种名为运动模仿计算机化评估(CAMI)的算法的有效性和可靠性。然而，将CAMI整合到严肃的游戏中并使其在临床和家庭环境中可用需要一种更具可扩展性的方法，即使用现成的2D摄像头。方法：在一个简短的(一分钟)任务中，儿童(23个ASD，17个典型的[TD])模仿模特的舞蹈动作，同时使用Kinect Xbox运动跟踪技术(Kinect 3D)和一个2D摄像头进行录制。在2D摄像机视频上使用姿势估计软件(OpenPose 2D)来拟合模仿儿童的骨骼。结果：OpenPose 2D CAMI方法与Kinect 3D CAMI方法和人类观察编码(HOC)方法计算的运动模仿分数显著相关(r(40)=0.82p<；0.001)和HOC方法(r(40)=0.8，p<；0.001)。2D和3D CAMI方法均优于HOC，其中Kinect 3D CAMI方法优于OpenPose 2D CAMI方法(ROC曲线下面积：AUC(HOC)=0.799，AUC(2D-CAMI)=0.876，AUC3(D-CAMI)=0.94)。最后，所有运动模仿得分与社交障碍显著相关(均P
Background: Motor imitation difficulties are pervasive in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Previous research demonstrated the validity and reliability of an algorithm called Computerized Assessment of Motor Imitation (CAMI) using 3D depth cameras. However, incorporating CAMI into serious games and making it accessible in clinic and home settings requires a more scalable approach that uses "off-the-shelf" 2D cameras.Method: In a brief (one-minute) task, children (23 ASD, 17 typically developing [TD]) imitated a model's dance movements while simultaneously being recorded using Kinect Xbox motion tracking technology (Kinect 3D) and a single 2D camera. Pose-estimation software (OpenPose 2D) was used on the 2D camera video to fit a skeleton to the imitating child. Motor imitation scores computed from the fully automated OpenPose 2D CAMI method were compared to scores computed from the Kinect 3D CAMI and Human Observation Coding (HOC) methods.Results: Motor imitation scores obtained from the OpenPose 2D CAMI method were significantly correlated with scores obtained from the Kinect 3D CAMI method (r(40) = 0.82, p < 0.001) and the HOC method (r(40) = 0.80, p < 0.001). Both 2D and 3D CAMI methods showed better discriminative ability than the HOC, with the Kinect 3D CAMI method outperforming the OpenPose 2D CAMI method (area under ROC curve (AUC): AUC(HOC) = 0.799, AUC(2D-CAMI) = 0.876, AUC3(D-CAMI )= 0.94). Finally, all motor imitation scores were significantly associated with the socialcommunication impairment (all p