Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for the collection and direct measurement of adsorbed alpha-emitting radionuclides from environmental waters by liquid scintillation analysis.

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for the collection and direct measurement of adsorbed alpha-emitting radionuclides from environmental waters by liquid scintillation analysis.
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磁性氧化铁纳米粒子,用于通过液体闪烁分析收集和直接测量环境水中吸附的α发射放射性核素。

DOI:
10.1039/c7ay00247e
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Addleman,RShane
Addleman,RShane
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
O'Hara,MatthewJ;Addleman,RShane

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放射性污染,无论是意外还是故意释放,都可能造成对水和食品供应以及环境进行评估和监测人类健康的迫切需要。在这种紧急情况下,可能需要快速有效的方法,在短时间内评估数十个样本的污染水平。由于α粒子的强电离性质,通过α(α)发射衰变的放射性核素的内部暴露可能特别危险。不幸的是,使用传统的放射性分析方法测定α发射放射性核素通常是劳动和资源密集型的并且耗时。为了设计快速,需要很少劳动力和实验室消耗品的方法,并尽量减少有毒或腐蚀性试剂的使用,PNNL的研究人员评估了超顺磁性纳米颗粒作为从化学未改性和酸化(pH 2)水溶液系统中提取α发射放射性核素的提取剂。结果表明,裸磁铁矿纳米颗粒对两种典型的水相(河流和地下水)中的两种典型的α放射性核素(241 Am和210 Po)具有很强的亲和力。此外,已经证明了使用这些纳米材料的超顺磁性来从本体水溶液中浓缩含有分析物的固体。纳米颗粒浓缩物可以直接分配到闪烁混合物中,或者首先溶解,然后加入到闪烁混合物中,作为液体闪烁分析的α发射测定溶液。尽管混合物中的金属氧化物悬浮液引起了严重的淬灭,但作者已经证明,现代液体闪烁分析仪可以报告准确的α放射性计数率;对于使用正常仪器计数模式和淬灭校正方案的情况,报告了混合物中纳米颗粒悬浮液浓度的上限。讨论提供了所提出的样品处理和分析方法,改进(降低)的最低可检测的活性浓度使用的纳米粒子为基础的测定方法,和淬灭效应的纳米粒子悬浮液中的闪烁鸡尾酒。
Radioactive contamination, be it from accidental or intentional release, can create an urgent need to assess water and food supplies and the environment, and monitor human health. In the event of such an emergency, rapid and efficient methods may be needed to assess contamination levels in scores of samples within a short time frame. Internalized exposure to radionuclides that decay by alpha (α) emission can be especially hazardous, given the strongly ionizing nature of the α particle. Unfortunately, the determination of α-emitting radionuclides using traditional radioanalytical methods is typically labor and resource intensive and time consuming. In an effort to devise methods that are fast, require little labor and laboratory expendables, and minimize the use of toxic or corrosive reagents, researchers at PNNL have evaluated superparamagnetic nanoparticles as extracting agents for α-emitting radionuclides from chemically unmodified and acidified (pH 2) aqueous systems. It is demonstrated that bare magnetite nanoparticles exhibit strong affinity for two representative α-emitting radionuclides (241Am and 210Po) from two representative aqueous matrices (river and ground water). Furthermore, use of the superparamagnetic properties of these nanomaterials to concentrate the analyte-bearing solids from the bulk aqueous solution has been demonstrated. The nanoparticle concentrate can be either directly dispensed into a scintillation cocktail, or first dissolved and then added to a scintillation cocktail as a solution for an α-emission assay by liquid scintillation analysis. Despite the severe quenching caused by the metal oxide suspensions in the cocktail, the authors have demonstrated that modern liquid scintillation analyzers can report accurate α activity count rates; the upper limits of nanoparticle suspension concentrations in a cocktail are reported for cases wherein normal instrument count mode and a quench correction protocol are used. Discussions are provided on the presented sample processing and analysis method, the improvement (lowering) of minimum detectable activity concentrations using the nanoparticle-based assay method, and the quenching effects of nanoparticle suspensions in a scintillation cocktail.
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