Interspecific aggression and habitat selection by Amazonian birds
Interspecific aggression and habitat selection by Amazonian birds
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亚马逊鸟类的种间攻击和栖息地选择
DOI：
10.2307/5822
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
J. Terborgh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Robinson;J. Terborgh
我们报告说，种间领土是一个共同的间隔机制密切相关的鸟类分布沿着一个主要的演替梯度在曲流带的亚马逊白水河。在研究的第一阶段，我们绘制了330多个鸟类物种的领土在大型普查地块，包括完整的演替梯度。我们发现，在20多个属，表现出连续的，但不重叠的领土，这样的演替梯度的早期阶段被占领的一个成员对，和后期阶段的其他物种对。其他物种对表现出其他类型的空间关系，包括部分重叠和完全重叠的领土。使用互惠异源播放实验，我们测试了存在的侵略性的物种对（通常是同源）的成员之间的相互作用，显示所有三种类型的空间关系。在12个物种对显示连续的，非重叠的领土，10个种间侵略的证据（方法的播放扬声器）。在这10例中，有8例的反应明显不对称。一个物种的目标个体接近说话者，而另一个物种的个体留在原地或离开。较重的物种一直是侵略者。在6个物种对显示部分领土重叠沿着演替梯度，只有一个物种表现出统计上显着的种间侵略性，虽然在所有6对一些个人接近或避免扬声器。在种对分布完全重叠的领土，我们发现种间侵略只有一个测试的五个属。我们认为，空间隔离的同类鸟类栖息地梯度（大概包括海拔梯度），通常是由种间领土介导的定向，不对称的种间侵略。侵略性不对称性表明了一种专制的栖息地占用模式，其中较大的物种占据了更富有成效的栖息地梯度的一端，较小的物种占据了生产力较低的栖息地。亚马逊河流域明显的演替梯度特征可以解释亚马逊河流域鸟类群落物种丰富度的增加，特别是在属内。
We report that interspecific territoriality is a common spacing mechanism among closely related bird species distributed along a primary successional gradient in the meander belt of an Amazonian whitewater river. In the first phase of the research, we mapped the territories of more than 330 bird species in large census plots encompassing the complete successional gradient. We found species pairs in over 20 genera that showed contiguous but non-overlapping territories, such that early stages of the successional gradient were occupied by one member of the pair, and later stages by the other. Other species pairs showed additional types of spatial relationships, including partially overlapping and completely overlapping territories. Using reciprocal heterospecific playback experiments, we tested for the existence of aggressive interactions between the members of species pairs (usually congeners) showing all three types of spatial relationship. Among 12 species pairs showing contiguous, non-overlapping territories, 10 showed evidence of interspecific aggression (approach to the playback speaker). In eight of these 10 cases, the responses were markedly asymmetric. Target individuals of one species approached the speaker, whereas individuals of the other species remained in place or moved away. The heavier species was consistently the aggressor. In six species pairs showing partial territorial overlap along the successional gradient, only one species displayed statistically significant interspecific aggressiveness, although some individuals in all six pairs approached or avoided the speaker. In species pairs distributed with completely overlapping territories, we found interspecific aggression in only one of five genera tested. We suggest that spatial segregation of congeneric bird species on habitat gradients (presumably including elevational gradients), is commonly underpinned by interspecific territoriality mediated through directed, asymmetrical interspecific aggression. Aggressive asymmetry suggests a despotic model of habitat occupancy, in which the larger species occupies the more productive end of habitat gradients, and the smaller species occupies less productive habitats. The pronounced successional gradients characteristic of Amazonia may explain much of the increased species richness, especially within genera, of Amazonian bird communities.