Neural correlates of control operations in inverse priming with relevant and irrelevant masks
Neural correlates of control operations in inverse priming with relevant and irrelevant masks
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.018
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发表时间：
2013-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Daniel Krüger;Susan Klapötke;S. Bode;U. Mattler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daniel Krüger;Susan Klapötke;S. Bode;U. Mattler
反向启动范式可以被认为是一个例子，它展示了在没有诱导刺激的有意识经验的情况下控制过程的操作。逆启动是由素数、掩码和随后的命令性目标刺激产生的。对于由两个素数选择叠加而成的“相关”掩码，反向启动效应通常比没有任务相关特征的“无关”掩码更大。我们使用功能磁共振成像(FMRI)来检查神经底物，这些神经底物参与了相关和不相关掩膜的反向启动效应的产生。我们发现了一个潜意识初级脑区可到达的脑区网络，包括辅助运动区(SMA)、前脑岛、中扣带回和缘上回。当使用相应的面具时，这些脑区的激活参与了反向启动。然而，对于不相关的掩蔽，只有SMA激活参与了反向启动效应。SMA的激活与个体对反应时的反向启动效应相关，表明这一脑区反映了行为水平上的反向启动效应的大小。研究结果与这一观点最一致，即基本的抑制机制有助于对任一类型的掩膜进行反向启动，而额外的过程有助于对相关掩膜的效果。这项研究提供了新的证据表明，人类大脑皮层的认知控制操作考虑了与任务相关的刺激信息，即使这些信息没有被有意识地感知。
The inverse priming paradigm can be considered one example which demonstrates the operation of control processes in the absence of conscious experience of the inducing stimuli. Inverse priming is generated by a prime that is followed by a mask and a subsequent imperative target stimulus. With “relevant” masks that are composed of the superposition of both prime alternatives, the inverse priming effect is typically larger than with “irrelevant” masks that are free of task-relevant features. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural substrates that are involved in the generation of inverse priming effects with relevant and irrelevant masks. We found a network of brain areas that is accessible to unconscious primes, including supplementary motor area (SMA), anterior insula, middle cingulate cortex, and supramarginal gyrus. Activation of these brain areas were involved in inverse priming when relevant masks were used. With irrelevant masks, however, only SMA activation was involved in inverse priming effects. Activation in SMA correlated with inverse priming effects of individual participants on reaction time, indicating that this brain area reflects the size of inverse priming effects on the behavioral level. Findings are most consistent with the view that a basic inhibitory mechanism contributes to inverse priming with either type of mask and additional processes contribute to the effect with relevant masks. This study provides new evidence showing that cognitive control operations in the human cortex take account of task relevant stimulus information even if this information is not consciously perceived.