Free recall of everyday retrospective and prospective memories: The intention-superiority effect is moderated by action versus state orientation and by gender
Free recall of everyday retrospective and prospective memories: The intention-superiority effect is moderated by action versus state orientation and by gender
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自由回忆日常回顾性和前瞻性记忆：意图优越性效应受行动与状态取向以及性别的调节
作者：
Suzanna L Penningroth
研究人员调查了个体在日常记忆的相对可及性上的差异。基于Kuhl和他的同事(Kuhl&Beckmann，1994b)描述的动作控制理论，意图-优势效应(与回顾记忆相比，意图的激活和可获得性增强，即前瞻性记忆)被预测为状态导向型个体，而不是行动导向型个体。正如预测的那样，只有以国家为导向的个体才表现出意图-优势效应，回忆起更多的前瞻性记忆而不是回溯性的现实生活记忆。此外，女性，而不是男性，在提取最易接近的记忆时表现出意图优势效应，即回忆在第一分钟。这些结果显示了意图-优越性效应的重要调节变量，并将先前的研究扩展到现实生活中的日常记忆。
Individual differences in the relative accessibility of everyday memories were investigated. Based on the theory of action control described by Kuhl and colleagues (Kuhl & Beckmann, 1994b), an intention-superiority effect (heightened activation and accessibility of intentions—i.e., prospective memories—compared to retrospective memories) was predicted for state-oriented individuals, but not action-oriented individuals. As predicted, only state-oriented individuals showed an intention-superiority effect, recalling more prospective than retrospective real-life memories. In addition, females, but not males, showed an intention-superiority effect in retrieval of the most accessible memories, memories recalled in the first minute. These results show important moderator variables for the intention-superiority effect and extend previous research to real-life, everyday memories.