Trophic dynamics in urban communities
Trophic dynamics in urban communities
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DOI：
10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055
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发表时间：
2005-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
10.1
通讯作者：
Marussich, WA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Faeth, SH;Warren, PS;Marussich, WA
人类活动极大地改变了物种的丰富度、多样性和组成。然而，人们对最激烈的人类活动——城市化——如何改变生物群落的食物网和营养结构知之甚少。对位于索诺兰沙漠中的菲尼克斯地区的研究揭示了营养动态控制方面的一些令人惊讶的变化。物种构成发生根本性改变，资源补贴提高并稳定了生产力。生产力的变化抑制了物种多样性的季节性和年度波动，提高了丰度，并改变了一些主要城市物种的摄食行为。在城市系统中，与边远沙漠的营养系统形成鲜明对比的是，边远沙漠的营养系统以有限的资源为主导——鸟类的捕食成为控制植物上节肢动物的主导力量。捕食风险的降低提高了城市鸟类的数量并改变了它们的觅食行为，从而增加了它们对节肢动物的自上而下的影响。食物网动态控制的转变在城市生态系统中可能很常见，并且受到复杂的人类社会过程和反馈的影响。
Human activities dramatically change the abundance, diversity, and composition of species. However, little is known about how, the most intense human activity, urbanization, alters food webs and trophic structure in biological communities. Studies of the Phoenix area, situated amid the Sonoran Desert, reveal some surprising alterations in the control of trophic dynamics. Species composition is radically altered, and resource subsidies increase and stabilize productivity. Changes in productivity dampen seasonal and yearly fluctuations in specics diversity, elevate, abundances, and alter feeding behaviors of some key urban species. In urban systems contrast to the trophic systems in outlying deserts, which are dominated by limiting resources-predation by birds becomes the dominant force controlling arthropods on plants. Reduced predation risk elevates the abundance of urban birds and alters their foraging behavior such that they exert increased top-down effects on arthropods. Shifts in control of food web dynamics are probably common in urban ecosystems, and are influenced by complex human social processes and feedbacks.