Opioids, Race, and Drug Enforcement: Exploring Local Relationships Between Neighborhood Context and Black–White Opioid-Related Possession Arrests
Opioids, Race, and Drug Enforcement: Exploring Local Relationships Between Neighborhood Context and Black–White Opioid-Related Possession Arrests
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阿片类药物、种族和缉毒：探索社区环境与黑人与白人阿片类药物相关持有逮捕之间的当地关系
DOI：
10.1177/0887403420911415
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Anderson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellen A. Donnelly;Jascha Wagner;M. Stenger;Hannah G. Cortina;Daniel J. O’connell;T. Anderson
阿片类药物滥用重新定义了社区中的毒品问题，并使警察活动转向纠正药物使用。围绕阿片类药物问题不断变化的社区环境可能会影响逮捕和种族差异。本研究对黑人和白人因持有海洛因、合成麻醉品和鸦片而被捕的情况进行了空间分析。我们使用地理加权回归（GWR）方法确定与阿片类药物相关逮捕相关的生态条件，该方法通过允许系数在空间上变化来阐明局部模式。GWR模型揭示了阿片类药物相关持有逮捕率的空间和种族差异。在条件更优越的农村社区，要求警察为吸毒过量提供服务的呼声增加了白人被捕的人数。与白人相比，社区的经济劣势和种族多样性更强烈地提高了黑人持有毒品的被捕率。吸毒过量的电话预示着黑人会在较贫穷的城市地区被捕。调查结果强调了警察对阿片类药物问题的反应以及阿片类药物使用者与刑事司法系统互动方式的黑人和白人差异。
Opioid abuse has redefined drug problems in communities and shifted police activities to redress substance use. Changing neighborhood context around opioid issues may affect arrests and racial disparities in their imposition. This study presents a spatial analysis of arrests involving Blacks and Whites for possession of heroin, synthetic narcotics, and opium offenses. We identify the ecological conditions associated with opioid-related arrests using geographically weighted regression (GWR) methods that illuminate local patterns by allowing coefficients to vary across space. GWR models reveal spatial and racial differences in opioid-related possession arrest rates. Calls for police service for overdoses increase White arrests in more advantaged, rural communities. Economic disadvantage and racial diversity in neighborhoods more strongly elevate possession arrest rates among Blacks relative to Whites. Overdose calls predict Black arrests in poorer urban areas. Findings underscore police responsiveness to opioid problems and Black–White differences in how opioid users interact with the criminal justice system.