The development of pandanus tool manufacture in wild New Caledonian crows
The development of pandanus tool manufacture in wild New Caledonian crows
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DOI：
10.1163/000579510x12629536366284
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Gray, Russell D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holzhaider, Jennifer C.;Hunt, Gavin R.;Gray, Russell D.
新喀里多尼亚乌鸦有非常复杂的工具制造能力。在这里，我们记录的个体发育的露兜工具制造野生数控乌鸦。我们的研究结果表明，广泛的露兜动物工具制造的发展是一个漫长的过程中，灵长类动物的工具使用的发展。青少年在获得类似成年人的熟练程度之前，要经历四个主要的工具制造阶段。到10至12个月大时，大多数青少年可以像成年人一样制造工具，但在制造和使用工具方面，成年人的速度只有在第二年才能达到。虽然个体的试错学习似乎在青少年的露兜帽工具技能的发展中发挥了重要作用，但这种发展是在父母鸟类的环境中进行的。少年在第一年与父母呆在一起，有充分的机会观察父母制造和使用工具。父母通过引导它们到露兜树上，在那里它们提供废弃的工具供早期使用，从而影响了幼鱼的早期学习。接触父母的工具可能会帮助青少年形成功能工具设计的心理模板，从而促进当地设计传统的忠实传播。
New Caledonian crows have remarkably complex tool manufacturing abilities. Here we document the ontogeny of pandanus tool manufacture in wild NC crows. Our results show that the development of wide pandanus tool manufacture is a lengthy process comparable to the development of tool use in primates. Juveniles pass through four main stages of tool manufacture before they acquire adult-like proficiency. By 10 to 12 months of age most juveniles can manufacture tools with adult-like competency, but adult-like speed in manufacture and tool use is only reached in their second year. Whilst individual trial and error learning appears to play a major role in juveniles' development of pandanus tool skills, this development takes place in an environment scaffolded by parental birds. Juveniles stay close to their parents for their first year and have ample opportunity to observe parental tool manufacture and use. Parents influence the juveniles' early learning by leading them to Pandanus sp. trees where they provide discarded tools for early tool use. Exposure to parental tools might help juveniles form a mental template of functional tool design and, thus, facilitate the faithful transmission of local design traditions.