Who Watches the Watchmen: Roles of RNA Modifications in the RNA Interference Pathway.
Who Watches the Watchmen: Roles of RNA Modifications in the RNA Interference Pathway.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1006139
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发表时间：
2016-07
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Xhemalce B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shelton SB;Reinsborough C;Xhemalce B
人们普遍认为 RNA 水平可以预测 RNA 功能。然而，仅 RNA 就存在一百多种化学上不同的修饰，这主要表明这些部分可能赋予共享一级序列但显示不同 RNA“表观遗传”标记的 RNA 分子亚群不同的功能。 RNA 可以在许多位点进行修饰，包括 5' 和 3' 末端、糖磷酸主链或内部碱基，这些位点共同为通过多种机制进行转录后调控提供了许多机会。在这里，我们将重点关注信使和 microRNA 的修饰如何影响哺乳动物细胞中的 RNA 干扰过程。我们相信，考虑RNA修饰不仅将增进我们对疾病和癌症中这一关键途径的理解，而且还将为利用“写入”和“擦除”它们的酶作为治疗药物开发的靶点开辟道路。
RNA levels are widely thought to be predictive of RNA function. However, the existence of more than a hundred chemically distinct modifications of RNA alone is a major indication that these moieties may impart distinct functions to subgroups of RNA molecules that share a primary sequence but display distinct RNA “epigenetic” marks. RNAs can be modified on many sites, including 5′ and 3′ ends, the sugar phosphate backbone, or internal bases, which collectively provide many opportunities for posttranscriptional regulation through a variety of mechanisms. Here, we will focus on how modifications on messenger and microRNAs may affect the process of RNA interference in mammalian cells. We believe that taking RNA modifications into account will not only advance our understanding of this crucial pathway in disease and cancer but will also open the path to exploiting the enzymes that “write” and “erase” them as targets for therapeutic drug development.