Management of transboundary water resources: lessons from international cooperation for conflict prevention
Management of transboundary water resources: lessons from international cooperation for conflict prevention
复制标题
跨界水资源管理：预防冲突国际合作的经验教训
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Duda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Uitto;A. Duda
随着需求增加和降雨量变化对水资源的压力增加，淡水资源紧张可能会更加频繁。国家之间或国家内部或相互竞争的部门用户之间可能发生冲突。本文重点关注加强国家间合作以促进跨界淡水水体和流域可持续发展的体制方法。人们认为，只要认识到国际沃茨面临的威胁并建立合作结构，共享的水资源就可以成为合作和惠益分享的基础，而不是冲突区。本文件借鉴了在全球环境基金国际沃茨重点领域内取得的经验，全球环境基金是各国支持跨界水资源环境管理的主要供资机制。通过非洲、中亚和拉丁美洲的实例，突出说明了在环境管理、惠益分享和可持续利用跨界淡水资源方面促进和平合作的经验教训。经验表明，将其行动影响到区域、国家和地方各级跨界水体的所有部门和行为者聚集在一起的进程十分重要。必须进行以科学为基础的诊断分析，以查明对跨界生态系统的威胁，并将这些问题分解为可管理的部分，以便制定一项战略行动方案。确保作出政治承诺，从而在有关国家进行体制、政策和法律的改革，是跨界资源可持续发展的关键。
Tensions over freshwater resources may become more frequent as pressures on water resources grow due to increased demand and variability of rainfall. Conflicts may take place between or within countries or between competing sectoral users. This paper focuses on institutional approaches for enhancing cooperation between countries for sustainable development of transboundary freshwater bodies and contributing basins. It is assumed that instead of being zones of conflict, shared water resources can provide a basis for cooperation and benefit–sharing provided that threats to the international waters are recognized and collaborative structures are created. The paper draws upon experiences gained within the international waters focal area of the Global Environment Facility, the main funding mechanism for countries to support the environmental management of transboundary water resources. Lessons for promoting peaceful cooperation for environmental management, benefit–sharing and sustainable use of transboundary freshwater resources are highlighted through examples from Africa, Central Asia and Latin America. Experience shows the importance of processes that bring together all sectors and actors whose actions affect the transboundary waterbody at regional, national and local levels. The development of a science–based diagnostic analysis is essential to identify the threats to the transboundary ecosystem and to break down the issues into manageable parts with the aim of developing a strategic action programme. Ensuring political commitment that can result in institutional, policy and legal reforms in the countries concerned is the key to sustainable development of the transboundary resource.