Practical diagnostic testing for human immunodeficiency virus.
Practical diagnostic testing for human immunodeficiency virus.
复制标题
人类免疫缺陷病毒的实用诊断测试。
DOI：
10.1128/cmr.1.1.124
复制
发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
36.8
通讯作者：
BalfourJr,HH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jackson,JB;BalfourJr,HH
自从1983年发现人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）是获得性免疫缺陷综合征的病原体以来，诊断测试的数量激增。这些检测方法可用于检测HIV抗体、HIV抗原、HIV核糖核酸和脱氧核糖核酸以及HIV逆转录酶的存在。酶联免疫吸附测定、Western blot、放射免疫沉淀测定、间接免疫荧光测定、逆转录酶测定和几种分子杂交技术目前都是可用的。酶联免疫吸附法、免疫印迹法和间接免疫荧光法检测HIV抗体非常敏感、特异性强，适用于大多数实验室。一种针对HIV抗原的酶联免疫吸附测定法也很容易适用于大多数实验室，并将很快商业化。虽然其他分析方法比较繁琐，但它们是有价值的确认性测试，适用于参考实验室。通过采取适当的生物安全措施，可以尽量减少进行艾滋病毒检测的生物危害。
Since the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in 1983, there has been a proliferation of diagnostic tests. These assays can be used to detect the presence of HIV antibody, HIV antigen, HIV ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acids, and HIV reverse transcriptase. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Western blot, radioimmunoprecipitation assays, indirect immunofluorescence assays, reverse transcriptase assays, and several molecular hybridization techniques are currently available. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent, Western blot, and indirect immunofluorescence assays for HIV antibody are very sensitive, specific, and adaptable to most laboratories. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HIV antigen is also readily adaptable to most laboratories and will be commercially available soon. While the other assays are more tedious, they are valuable confirmatory tests and are suitable for reference laboratories. The biohazards of performing HIV testing can be minimized with proper biosafety measures.