Arsenic Exposure and Cardiovascular Disorders: An Overview
Arsenic Exposure and Cardiovascular Disorders: An Overview
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DOI：
10.1007/s12012-009-9050-6
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Kaur, Jagdeep
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balakumar, Pitchai;Kaur, Jagdeep
在许多国家，包括台湾、孟加拉国、印度、阿根廷、澳大利亚、智利、中国、匈牙利、秘鲁、泰国、墨西哥和美利坚合众国，都观察到砷中毒的发生率。砷是一种普遍存在于饮用水中的元素，其暴露与各种心血管疾病有关。砷暴露在血管内皮功能障碍的发病机制中起着关键作用，因为它使内皮型一氧化氮合酶失活，导致一氧化氮的产生和生物利用度降低。此外，慢性砷暴露可引起高水平的氧化应激，从而影响心血管系统的结构和功能。此外，砷暴露已注意到通过增加血小板聚集和减少纤维蛋白溶解而诱导动脉粥样硬化。此外，砷暴露可通过增加QT间期和加速细胞钙超载引起心律失常。慢性砷暴露可上调肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-1、血管细胞粘附分子和血管内皮生长因子的表达，从而诱导心血管疾病的发生。本综述批判性地讨论了砷在心血管系统中的有害作用。
The incidence of arsenic toxicity has been observed in various countries including Taiwan, Bangladesh, India, Argentina, Australia, Chile, China, Hungary, Peru, Thailand, Mexico and United States of America. Arsenic is a ubiquitous element present in drinking water, and its exposure is associated with various cardiovascular disorders. Arsenic exposure plays a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular endothelial dysfunction as it inactivates endothelial nitric oxide synthase, leading to reduction in the generation and bioavailability of nitric oxide. In addition, the chronic arsenic exposure induces high oxidative stress, which may affect the structure and function of cardiovascular system. Further, the arsenic exposure has been noted to induce atherosclerosis by increasing the platelet aggregation and reducing fibrinolysis. Moreover, arsenic exposure may cause arrhythmia by increasing the QT interval and accelerating the cellular calcium overload. The chronic exposure to arsenic upregulates the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule and vascular endothelial growth factor to induce cardiovascular pathogenesis. The present review critically discussed the detrimental role of arsenic in the cardiovascular system.