The former Iron Curtain still drives biodiversity-profit trade-offs in German agriculture
The former Iron Curtain still drives biodiversity-profit trade-offs in German agriculture
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-017-0272-x
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Tscharntke, Teja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Batary, Peter;Galle, Robert;Tscharntke, Teja
农业集约化导致生物多样性丧失，影响农民的利润，但遗留效应的作用和生态经济权衡的详细量化在很大程度上是未知的。在20世纪50年代的欧洲，东方共产主义集团通过强迫小农场集体化转向大规模农业，而西方则保持小规模的私人农业。在这里，我们表明，大规模的农业在德国东部减少了生物多样性，这一直保持在德国由于>70%较长的字段边缘比在东部。相比之下，尽管产量水平相似，但东部地区的单位农田面积利润比西部地区高出50%。在这两个地区，从传统农业转向有机农业增加了生物多样性，产量水平减少了一半，但农民的利润却增加了一倍。最后，欧洲联盟的政策应承认小规模农业的生物多样性效益惊人地高，这与向有机农业的转变不相上下。
Agricultural intensification drives biodiversity loss and shapes farmers' profit, but the role of legacy effects and detailed quantification of ecological-economic trade-offs are largely unknown. In Europe during the 1950s, the Eastern communist bloc switched to large-scale farming by forced collectivization of small farms, while the West kept small-scale private farming. Here we show that large-scale agriculture in East Germany reduced biodiversity, which has been maintained in West Germany due to >70% longer field edges than those in the East. In contrast, profit per farmland area in the East was 50% higher than that in the West, despite similar yield levels. In both regions, switching from conventional to organic farming increased biodiversity and halved yield levels, but doubled farmers' profits. In conclusion, European Union policy should acknowledge the surprisingly high biodiversity benefits of small-scale agriculture, which are on a par with conversion to organic agriculture.