Effect of large magnetotactic bacteria with polyphosphate inclusions on the phosphate profile of the suboxic zone in the Black Sea
Effect of large magnetotactic bacteria with polyphosphate inclusions on the phosphate profile of the suboxic zone in the Black Sea
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DOI：
10.1038/s41396-018-0315-6
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发表时间：
2019-01
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通讯作者：
H. Schulz-Vogt;F. Pollehne;K. Jürgens;H. Arz;S. Beier;R. Bahlo;O. Dellwig;J. Henkel;Daniel P. R. Herlemann;S. Krüger;T. Leipe;Thomas Schott
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作者：
H. Schulz-Vogt;F. Pollehne;K. Jürgens;H. Arz;S. Beier;R. Bahlo;O. Dellwig;J. Henkel;Daniel P. R. Herlemann;S. Krüger;T. Leipe;Thomas Schott
黑海是世界上最大的缺氧盆地，也是研究氧化还原梯度过程的模型系统。在含氧表面和较深的硫化物沃茨之间，有一个10-40米的异常宽的层，在那里既没有氧气也没有硫化物可检测。在这个亚氧区，溶解磷酸盐的配置文件显示一个明显的最小值在上和最大值在下边界，与颗粒磷之间的峰值，这被认为是由磷酸盐的吸附下沉颗粒的金属氧化物。在这里，我们表明，细菌聚磷酸盐夹杂物内的大型趋磁细菌相关的属Magnetococcus大大有助于观察到的磷峰，因为它们含有26-34%的磷相比，只有1-5%的金属丰富的颗粒。此外，我们发现多磷酸激酶的基因表达增加的几组细菌，包括磁球菌在磷酸盐最大值，表明活性细菌多磷酸盐降解。我们建议，大型趋磁细菌穿梭上下的低氧区，清除磷酸盐在上和释放它在下边界。与通过金属氧化物的被动运输相反，这种细菌运输可以定量地解释所观察到的磷酸盐概况。
The Black Sea is the world’s largest anoxic basin and a model system for studying processes across redox gradients. In between the oxic surface and the deeper sulfidic waters there is an unusually broad layer of 10–40 m, where neither oxygen nor sulfide are detectable. In this suboxic zone, dissolved phosphate profiles display a pronounced minimum at the upper and a maximum at the lower boundary, with a peak of particulate phosphorus in between, which was suggested to be caused by the sorption of phosphate on sinking particles of metal oxides. Here we show that bacterial polyphosphate inclusions within large magnetotactic bacteria related to the genusMagnetococcuscontribute substantially to the observed phosphorus peak, as they contain 26–34% phosphorus compared to only 1–5% in metal-rich particles. Furthermore, we found increased gene expression for polyphosphate kinases by several groups of bacteria includingMagnetococcaceaeat the phosphate maximum, indicating active bacterial polyphosphate degradation. We propose that large magnetotactic bacteria shuttle up and down within the suboxic zone, scavenging phosphate at the upper and releasing it at the lower boundary. In contrast to a passive transport via metal oxides, this bacterial transport can quantitatively explain the observed phosphate profiles.