High-Expanding Cortical Regions in Human Development and Evolution Are Related to Higher Intellectual Abilities
High-Expanding Cortical Regions in Human Development and Evolution Are Related to Higher Intellectual Abilities
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bht201
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Walhovd, Kristine B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fjell, Anders M.;Westlye, Lars T.;Walhovd, Kristine B.
在人类进化过程中，皮质表面积极大地扩大了，在儿童发育过程中也观察到了类似的皮质扩张模式。一个有趣的假设是，高膨胀的皮层区域也显示出与人类智力功能最强的相关性。然而，我们不知道智力功能和皮层区域之间的相关性的区域分布如何映射到发展和进化中的扩展。在这里，在1048名参与者的样本中，我们发现，在大脑皮层区域与视觉空间推理能力相关的区域通常在发展和进化中高度扩展。额叶皮层的几个区域，特别是前扣带回，在发育和进化中都表现出高度的扩张。这些区域的面积与人类的智力功能有关。低扩展区域与认知评分无关。这些发现表明，在发育和进化过程中，参与高级智力功能的皮层区域扩展得最多。放射状单位假说提供了一个共同的框架，解释的结果在进化和产前发展的背景下，而额外的细胞机制，如突触发生，胶质细胞，树突状分支，和皮质内髓鞘形成，可能会影响在儿童后期的面积扩大。
Cortical surface area has tremendously expanded during human evolution, and similar patterns of cortical expansion have been observed during childhood development. An intriguing hypothesis is that the high-expanding cortical regions also show the strongest correlations with intellectual function in humans. However, we do not know how the regional distribution of correlations between intellectual function and cortical area maps onto expansion in development and evolution. Here, in a sample of 1048 participants, we show that regions in which cortical area correlates with visuospatial reasoning abilities are generally high expanding in both development and evolution. Several regions in the frontal cortex, especially the anterior cingulate, showed high expansion in both development and evolution. The area of these regions was related to intellectual functions in humans. Low-expanding areas were not related to cognitive scores. These findings suggest that cortical regions involved in higher intellectual functions have expanded the most during development and evolution. The radial unit hypothesis provides a common framework for interpretation of the findings in the context of evolution and prenatal development, while additional cellular mechanisms, such as synaptogenesis, gliogenesis, dendritic arborization, and intracortical myelination, likely impact area expansion in later childhood.