Aromatic Decoration Determines the Formation of Anthocyanic Vacuolar Inclusions.
Aromatic Decoration Determines the Formation of Anthocyanic Vacuolar Inclusions.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.027
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发表时间：
2017-04-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Martin C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kallam K;Appelhagen I;Luo J;Albert N;Zhang H;Deroles S;Hill L;Findlay K;Andersen ØM;Davies K;Martin C
花青素是植物中存在最广泛的次生代谢物之一，花色苷对花和果实的橙色、红色、紫色和蓝色以及秋叶的红色负责。这些色素在液泡中积累，它们的颜色受到化学装饰、液泡pH、色素的存在和金属离子的影响。花青素通常溶解在液泡中，但在一些植物中，它们以离散的亚液泡状结构积累。研究已经将在高色组织的细胞中观察到的深色空泡内小体与更球形的、膜结合的花青质体区分开，称为花青素空泡内包涵体(AVI)。我们描述了烟草中的一种系统，它在基本花青素的基础上添加额外的装饰物，氰基3-O-芦丁糖苷，通常由该物种形成。使用这个系统，我们已经能够确定哪些装饰支持AVI的形成，促进AVI形成的条件，从而确定它们形成的机制。花青素空泡包裹体(AVI)是酰化花青素的沉淀物，AVI仅由芳香酰化花色苷形成，AVI中不存在其他化合物，其体外重组表明酰化花色苷的糖基化降低了其形成AVI的倾向。花青素是花和水果的红色、紫色和蓝色色素。它们聚集在液泡中，虽然通常是可溶的，但在一些植物中，它们积累成称为花青素的液泡内含物(AVI)的结构。Kallam等人。展示哪些装饰和条件促进了AVI的形成，并提出了它们形成的机制。
Anthocyanins are some of the most widely occurring secondary metabolites in plants, responsible for the orange, red, purple, and blue colors of flowers and fruits and red colors of autumn leaves. These pigments accumulate in vacuoles, and their color is influenced by chemical decorations, vacuolar pH, the presence of copigments, and metal ions. Anthocyanins are usually soluble in the vacuole, but in some plants, they accumulate as discrete sub-vacuolar structures. Studies have distinguished intensely colored intra-vacuolar bodies observed in the cells of highly colored tissues, termed anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions (AVIs), from more globular, membrane-bound anthocyanoplasts. We describe a system in tobacco that adds additional decorations to the basic anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, normally formed by this species. Using this system, we have been able to establish which decorations underpin the formation of AVIs, the conditions promoting AVI formation, and, consequently, the mechanism by which they form. Anthocyaninic vacuolar inclusions (AVIs) are precipitates of acylated anthocyanins AVIs are formed only by aromatically acylated anthocyanins No other compounds are present in AVIs as shown by their reconstitution in vitro Glycosylation of acylated anthocyanins reduces their propensity to form AVIs Anthocyanins are red, purple, and blue pigments of flowers and fruits. They accumulate in vacuoles, and although usually soluble, in some plants they accumulate as structures termed anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions (AVIs). Kallam et al. show which decorations and conditions promote AVI formation and suggest a mechanism by which they form.