Neuropsychological functioning in stimulant-naive boys with hyperkinetic disorder
Neuropsychological functioning in stimulant-naive boys with hyperkinetic disorder
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291705004599
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发表时间：
2005-08-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Matthews, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rhodes, SM;Coghill, DR;Matthews, K
背景资料。尽管患有多动症和/或注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的儿童表现出执行神经心理功能障碍，但这些变化的性质仍然存在争议。此外，非执行性神经心理功能障碍相对来说还没有被研究过。在这里，作者描述了一组患有多动症的兴奋剂天真男孩在一系列神经心理任务中的神经心理功能，这些任务对执行和非执行功能的损害都很敏感。对符合ICD-10多动障碍诊断标准的75名未服用兴奋剂的男孩和70名年龄匹配但智商不匹配的健康发育对照组进行了剑桥神经心理测试自动化成套测验(CANTAB)和Go/No-Go抑制任务的神经心理功能计算机测试。患有多动症的男孩在具有显著执行成分的任务上表现出障碍--工作记忆、计划、策略形成、注意力定势转移和反应时间任务。然而，他们在没有显著执行成分--模式和空间识别、空间广度、延迟匹配样本和配对伙伴学习--的任务上也受到了损害。与预测相反，在Go/No-Go抑制任务中没有观察到损害。药物天真的多动症男孩表现出广泛的神经心理障碍。在有和没有显著执行部分的任务中，都表现出了缺陷。障碍并不局限于依赖额纹状体功能的任务，不能完全用抑制性控制缺陷来解释，也不能归因于智力或以前接触刺激性药物。
Background. Although children with hyperkinetic disorder and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show disordered executive neuropsychological functioning, the nature of these changes remains controversial. Additionally, impairments in non-executive neuropsychological functioning have been relatively unexplored. Here, the authors describe the neuropsychological functioning of a sample of stimulant drug-naive boys with hyperkinetic disorder on a battery of neuropsychological tasks sensitive to impairments of both executive and non-executive functions.Method. Seventy-five stimulant drug-naive boys meeting diagnostic criteria for ICD-10 hyperkinetic disorder were compared with 70 healthy developing controls matched for age but not IQ on computerized tests of neuropsychological functioning from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and a Go/No-Go inhibition task.Results. Boys with hyperkinetic disorder exhibited impairments on tasks with a prominent executive component - working memory, planning, strategy formation, attentional set-shifting and on a reaction time task. However, they were also impaired on tasks without prominent executive components - pattern and spatial recognition, spatial span, delayed matching to sample and paired associates learning. Contrary to predictions, no impairment was observed on the Go/No-Go inhibition task.Conclusions. Medication-naive boys with hyperkinetic disorder displayed a broad range of neuropsychological impairments. Deficits were demonstrated on tasks with and without prominent executive components. Impairments were not confined to tasks dependent upon frontostriatal functioning, cannot wholly be explained by deficits in inhibitory control, nor can they be attributed to intelligence or previous exposure to stimulant medication.