Spatial extent of sediment toxicity in US estuaries and marine bays
Spatial extent of sediment toxicity in US estuaries and marine bays
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1006407621853
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发表时间：
2000-09-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Long, ER
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Long, ER
急性，实验室毒性试验进行了国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）的1543 surgical沉积物样品在1991年至1997年期间收集的25个河口和海湾。在大西洋、墨西哥湾和太平洋沿岸的沿着选定地区进行了取样。每种样品的毒性测定与10天的片足类动物的生存测试进行固相（散装）沉积物。1997年测试的1543个样本的总面积约为7300 km（2）。在代表约6%的合并面积的样本中观察到片足类动物存活测试的毒性。美国环境保护署（EPA）对在不同但重叠的研究区域收集的样本进行了类似的测试，估计大约7%的河口采样区是有毒的。总体而言，东北部和西南部河口的毒性最严重，东南部和西北部地区的毒性最低。然而，太平洋沿岸的相当大一部分地区没有用同样的方法进行过测试。在CYP 1A酶诱导测试中（n = 464），样本有毒，约占组合研究区域的5%。然而，当分析两个亚致死试验的结果时，毒性更为普遍。在海胆受精（n = 1309）和微生物生物发光（n = 1215）测试中，分别代表约25%和39%的研究区域的样本中出现了显著的结果。
Acute, laboratory toxicity tests were performed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on 1543 surficial sediment samples collected during 1991 through 1997 throughout 25 estuaries and marine bays. Selected areas were sampled along the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Pacific coasts. The toxicity of each sample was determined with 10-day amphipod survival tests performed with solid-phase (bulk) sediments. Collectively, the 1543 samples tested through 1997 represented a total area of approximately 7300 km(2). Toxicity was observed with the amphipod survival tests in samples that represented approximately 6% of the combined area. Using similar tests conducted on samples collected in different: but overlapping, study areas, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated that approximately 7% of the combined estuarine area sampled was toxic. Generally, toxicity was most severe in northeastern and southwestern estuaries and least prevalent in southeastern and northwestern areas. However, considerable portions of the Pacific coast have not been tested with the same methods. In tests of CYP1A enzyme induction (n = 464), samples were toxic that represented about 5% of the combined study areas. Toxicity was much more widespread, however, when the results of two sub-lethal tests were analyzed. Significant results occurred in samples that represented approximately 25% and 39% of the study areas in tests of sea urchin fertilization (n = 1309) and microbial bioluminescence (n = 1215),respectively.