Accounting for age differences on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Decreased working memory, not inflexibility
Accounting for age differences on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Decreased working memory, not inflexibility
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DOI：
10.1037//0882-7974.16.3.385
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发表时间：
2001-09-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Fehnel, SE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hartman, M;Bolton, E;Fehnel, SE
两个实验考察了认知缺乏灵活性和工作记忆减少在威斯康星卡片分类测试中与年龄相关的下降中所起的作用。标准评分程序和新制定的分数都被用来测量每个结构，对测试的修改进一步评估了工作记忆的作用。结果表明，年龄差异并不是由于认知缺乏灵活性，而是对于一部分老年人来说，错误与工作记忆中可以存储或处理的信息量减少有关。然而，当视觉提示提供有关前一种排序的信息时，这些年龄差异就消失了。作者最后提出，工作记忆更新的减少可以最好地解释这项测试中年龄差异的整个模式。
Two experiments examined the role of cognitive inflexibility and reduced working memory in age-related declines on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Both standard scoring procedures and newly developed scores were used to measure each construct, and modifications of the test further evaluated the role of working memory. Results indicated that age differences are not due to cognitive inflexibility but that for a subset of older adults errors are associated with a reduction in the amount of information that can be stored or processed in working memory. These age differences disappear, however, when visual cues provide information about the immediately preceding sort. The authors conclude by proposing a decline in updating working memory as the explanation that can best account for the entire pattern of age differences on this test.