Mechanisms of Plastic Rescue in Novel Environments
Mechanisms of Plastic Rescue in Novel Environments
复制标题
新环境中塑料救援的机制
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. M. Shephard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Emilie C. Snell‐Rood;M. E. Kobiela;Kristin L. Sikkink;A. M. Shephard
适应性表型可塑性提供了一种在新的和快速变化的环境中进行发育拯救的机制。了解可塑性的潜在机制对于预测发育反应是适应性的可能性和相关的生活史权衡（可能影响随后的进化拯救模式）都很重要。虽然进化的发育开关可能会使生物体在新的环境中走向新的适应高峰，但这种机制往往会导致适应不良的反应。在新的环境中诱导广义生理机制相对更可能导致对新毒素、热应激或病原体等因素的适应性反应。可塑性的发育选择形式依赖于个体内的选择过程，如组织结构的形成、试错学习或获得性免疫，特别可能导致新环境中的适应性可塑性。然而，无论是塑料反应的诱导和通过发育选择的可塑性的能力来与显着的成本，导致繁殖延迟，增加个人投资，并降低生育力。因此，我们可以预期在新环境中生存的可塑性反应与随后的种群水平进化反应之间存在复杂的相互作用。
Adaptive phenotypic plasticity provides a mechanism of developmental rescue in novel and rapidly changing environments. Understanding the underlying mechanism of plasticity is important for predicting both the likelihood that a developmental response is adaptive and associated life-history trade-offs that could influence patterns of subsequent evolutionary rescue. Although evolved developmental switches may move organisms toward a new adaptive peak in a novel environment, such mechanisms often result in maladaptive responses. The induction of generalized physiological mechanisms in new environments is relatively more likely to result in adaptive responses to factors such as novel toxins, heat stress, or pathogens. Developmental selection forms of plasticity, which rely on within-individual selective processes, such as shaping of tissue architecture, trial-and-error learning, or acquired immunity, are particularly likely to result in adaptive plasticity in a novel environment. However, both the induction of plastic responses and the ability to be plastic through developmental selection come with significant costs, resulting in delays in reproduction, increased individual investment, and reduced fecundity. Thus, we might expect complex interactions between plastic responses that allow survival in novel environments and subsequent evolutionary responses at the population level.