Capuchin monkey rituals: an interdisciplinary study of form and function
Capuchin monkey rituals: an interdisciplinary study of form and function
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卷尾猴仪式：形式和功能的跨学科研究
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2019.0422
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Smolla, Marco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Perry, Susan;Smolla, Marco
哥斯达黎加洛马斯巴布达尔的许多白脸卷尾猴二人组都实行着特殊的互动序列，这些序列不属于该物种典型的行为习惯。这些互动通常包括不舒服或危险的因素。这些互动表现出人类仪式定义中常见的以下特征：（i）它们涉及对伴侣的异常强烈的关注，（ii）这些行为没有直接的功利目的，（iii）它们有时涉及“神圣的物体”，（iv）这些行为的分布表明它们是通过社会学习发明和传播的，以及（v）这些仪式中的许多行为是 从其他行为领域（例如采掘性觅食）重新利用。然而，与仪式的某些定义相反，卷尾猴仪式的形式并不过分死板，序列也没有特定的开始和结束动作。在我们 9260 小时的观察中，仪式执行率与二人靠近的时间无关，但与较高的关系质量和二人之间联盟形成的速度（适度）相关。我们的研究结果表明，卷尾猴仪式起到了纽带测试的作用，而不是加强纽带的功能。仪式互动完全是二元的，而且二元之间形式上的一致性很低，这让人对它们增强群体团结的另一种假设产生了怀疑。本文是主题“仪式复兴：对最人性行为的新见解”的一部分。
Many white-faced capuchin monkey dyads in Lomas Barbudal, Costa Rica, practise idiosyncratic interaction sequences that are not part of the species-typical behavioural repertoire. These interactions often include uncomfortable or risky elements. These interactions exhibit the following characteristics commonly featured in definitions of rituals in humans: (i) they involve an unusual intensity of focus on the partner, (ii) the behaviours have no immediate utilitarian purpose, (iii) they sometimes involve ‘sacred objects’, (iv) the distribution of these behaviours suggests that they are invented and spread via social learning, and (v) many behaviours in these rituals are repurposed from other behavioural domains (e.g. extractive foraging). However, in contrast with some definitions of ritual, capuchin rituals are not overly rigid in their form, nor do the sequences have specific opening and closing actions. In our 9260 h of observation, ritual performance rate was uncorrelated with amount of time dyads spent in proximity but (modestly) associated with higher relationship quality and rate of coalition formation across dyads. Our results suggest that capuchin rituals serve a bond-testing rather than a bond-strengthening function. Ritual interactions are exclusively dyadic, and between-dyad consistency in form is low, casting doubt on the alternative hypothesis that they enhance group-wide solidarity.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ritual renaissance: new insights into the most human of behaviours’.