Ethical equitation: Capping the price horses pay for human glory
Ethical equitation: Capping the price horses pay for human glory
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jveb.2010.04.003
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
McGreevy, Paul D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McLean, Andrew N.;McGreevy, Paul D.
伦理马术是当今马术文化中的一个焦点。人们关注的是基于控制动物运动反应和在体育运动中使用动物（如马）的体育道德。对训练有素的马的反应的拟人化标签的误解，例如使用“疯狂”，“懒惰”，“敏锐”和“顽固”等术语，可能对最佳马的福利有害。同样，“马运动员”的概念可能意味着对马在运动中的动机的目的论解释。尽管在识别快乐的马方面存在问题，但奖励最佳福利和性能马缺乏关键压力反应是向前迈出的重要一步。赛马是许多福利问题的来源，因为使用鞭子和参与跨栏和障碍赛的马的身体危险。在赛车中使用鞭子是有争议的，因为它并不总是导致加速，有问题。迫切需要在所有的马术追求中采用学习理论，因为这样的方法将消除在逃避学习中对鞭子，惩罚和使用恐惧的需要。在其他学科中，过度屈曲和牵引等做法有可能严重损害马匹在运动中的健康。马匹运动的未来应该包括放弃强制使用原始的控制装置，如路缘钻头，这些装置有真实的可能造成伤害。国际管理机构和国家马术联合会应该继续取消使用路缘石的任何要求，裁判应该奖励在更高级别的比赛中使用最人性化控制装置的骑手。最后，马匹饲养也应该在道德的聚光灯下受到审查。根据性情选择马匹具有固有的风险，包括骑手和训练员改进训练技能的动机降低，这也可能导致严重的浪费。纯育种风险的健康和福利的马，由于增加纯合子有害基因表达自己。(C)2010年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Ethical equitation is nowadays coming into sharp focus in equestrian culture. Concerns surround the ethics of sports based on controlling an animal's locomotory responses and in using animals such as horses in sport in general. Anthropomorphically labeled misinterpretations of the responses of trained horses, such as the use of terms like "mad," "lazy," "keen," and "stubborn," may be detrimental to optimal equine welfare. Similarly, the concept of the "equine athlete" may imply an ill-informed teleological explanation of the motives of the horse in sport. Despite problems in identifying the happy horse, rewarding optimal welfare and the absence of critical stress responses in performance horses is an important step forward.Horse racing is the source of many welfare concerns because of the use of the whip and the physical dangers to horses involved in hurdle racing and steeplechasing. The use of the whip in racing is controversial and, because it does not always lead to acceleration, problematic. There is a pressing need for learning theory to be adopted in all equestrian pursuits, because such an approach would obviate the need for whips, punishment, and the use of fear in escape learning. In other disciplines, practices such as hyperflexion and soring have a significant potential to compromise the welfare of the horse in sport.The future of horse sports should involve abandoning the mandatory use of primitive control devices, such as curb bits, that have a real potential to cause harm. International governing bodies and national equestrian federations ought to proceed with removing any requirements to use curb bits and judges should reward riders who use the most humane control devices at the higher levels of competition.Finally, horse breeding should also be scrutinized under an ethical spotlight. Selecting horses on the basis of temperament has inherent risks, including lowered motivation of riders and trainers to refine their training skill set, which may also lead to significant wastage. Pure breeding risks the health and welfare of horses owing to increases in homozygous deleterious genes expressing themselves. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.