Symbiotic ant traits produce differential host‐plant carbon and water dynamics in a multi‐species mutualism
Symbiotic ant traits produce differential host‐plant carbon and water dynamics in a multi‐species mutualism
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共生蚂蚁特征在多物种互利共生中产生不同的宿主植物碳和水动态
DOI：
10.1002/ecy.3880
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Palmer, Todd M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Milligan, Patrick D.;Martin, Timothy A.;Pringle, Elizabeth G.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Palmer, Todd M.
合作互动可能经常被“伙伴忠诚度反馈”加强，其中高质量或低质量的合作伙伴分别为主机带来高或低收益的积极反馈。植物-动物互惠共生对植物的好处几乎普遍在生长或繁殖方面被量化，但这只是宿主植物分配其资源的许多汇中的两个。通过研究宿主植物的伙伴如何影响两种基本的植物资源，碳和水，我们可以更好地描述植物伙伴的忠诚度，并了解植物伙伴的互惠关系如何受到资源动态的调节。在肯尼亚的莱基皮亚，四种蚂蚁在争夺相思树的寄主植物。这些蚂蚁在多个性状上不同，从花蜜消耗到宿主植物保护。使用5年的蚂蚁清除实验，我们比较了有和没有蚂蚁伴侣的成年蚂蚁植物的碳固定、叶片水分状况和茎非结构性碳水化合物浓度。去除处理表明，蚂蚁差异介导树碳和/或水资源。所有三种已知对食草动物具有攻击性的蚂蚁物种都与宿主植物资源的利益有关，但只有两种防御但不修剪宿主的物种，Crematogaster mimosae和Tetraponera penzigi，增加了树木的碳固定。在这两个物种中，只有nectivoreC。含羞草增加树的单糖.Crematogaster nigriceps，这捍卫树，但也阉割花和修剪分生组织，仅与较低的树水分胁迫近似黎明前叶水势.与这些防御性蚂蚁相反，火葬腹蚁是一种取代其他蚂蚁的可怜的防御者，与较低的树木碳固定有关。比较四种蚂蚁在对照树的影响表明，不同的蚂蚁占用驱动主机树之间的碳和水供应的显着差异。我们的研究结果强调，蚂蚁的合作伙伴可以积极或消极地影响其宿主植物的碳和/或水的关系，我们讨论的可能性，碳和水相关的合作伙伴保真度反馈回路发生在蚂蚁植物互惠。
Cooperative interactions may frequently be reinforced by “partner fidelity feedback,” in which high‐ or low‐quality partners drive positive feedbacks with high or low benefits for the host, respectively. Benefits of plant–animal mutualisms for plants have been quantified almost universally in terms of growth or reproduction, but these are only two of many sinks to which a host‐plant allocates its resources. By investigating how partners to host‐plants impact two fundamental plant resources, carbon and water, we can better characterize plant–partner fidelity and understand how plant–partner mutualisms may be modulated by resource dynamics. In Laikipia, Kenya, four ant species compete forAcacia drepanolobiumhost‐plants. These ants differ in multiple traits, from nectar consumption to host‐plant protection. Using a 5‐year ant removal experiment, we compared carbon fixation, leaf water status, and stem non‐structural carbohydrate concentrations for adult ant–plants with and without ant partners. Removal treatments showed that the ants differentially mediate tree carbon and/or water resources. All three ant species known to be aggressive against herbivores were linked to benefits for host‐plant resources, but only the two species that defend but do not prune the host,Crematogaster mimosaeandTetraponera penzigi, increased tree carbon fixation. Of these two species, only the nectivoreC. mimosaeincreased tree simple sugars.Crematogaster nigriceps, which defends the tree but also castrates flowers and prunes meristems, was linked only to lower tree water stress approximated by pre‐dawn leaf water potential. In contrast to those defensive ants,Crematogaster sjostedti, a poor defender that displaces other ants, was linked to lower tree carbon fixation. Comparing the effects of the four ant species across control trees suggests that differential ant occupancy drives substantial differences in carbon and water supply among host trees. Our results highlight that ant partners can positively or negatively impact carbon and/or water relations for their host‐plant, and we discuss the likelihood that carbon‐ and water‐related partner fidelity feedback loops occur across ant–plant mutualisms.