Molecular pathology of vertebral deformities in hyperthermic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
Molecular pathology of vertebral deformities in hyperthermic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/1472-6793-10-12
复制
发表时间：
2010-07-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Takle H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ytteborg E;Baeverfjord G;Torgersen J;Hjelde K;Takle H
在许多生物体中，高温已被证明会由于细胞增殖、分化和基因表达的变化而诱发发育缺陷。尽管如此，在集约化生产系统中，鲑鱼养殖通常采用高水温来加快发育速度，导致骨骼畸形发生率增加。为了研究椎骨畸形的分子病理学，大西洋鲑鱼从受精到幼年阶段都处于高温条件下。与低温条件下饲养的鱼相比，暴露在高温条件下的鱼的生长速度明显更高，脊柱畸形的比例也明显更高。通过分析两种温度条件下表型正常的脊柱，我们发现发生椎骨畸形的风险增加与基因转录的改变有关。特别是，细胞外基质（ECM）基因，如col1a1、骨钙蛋白、骨连接蛋白和核心蛋白聚糖的下调，表明成骨细胞的成熟和矿化受到抑制。此外，组织学染色和原位杂交显示软骨细胞扭曲和肥大细胞数量增加的区域。这些发现通过与软骨细胞肥大有关的基因 mef2c 和 col10a 的上调得到进一步证实。所提供的数据强烈表明，温度诱导的快速生长严重影响成骨细胞和软骨细胞中的基因转录；因此椎体组织的结构和成分发生变化。检测到骨骼和软骨生成受到破坏，这很可能与高强度组中畸形发生率较高有关。我们的结果对骨代谢具有基本意义，有助于理解温度诱导的椎体病理学发展的机制。这些发现可能进一步有助于未来评估实际农业中鱼类福利的分子工具。
Hyperthermia has been shown in a number of organisms to induce developmental defects as a result of changes in cell proliferation, differentiation and gene expression. In spite of this, salmon aquaculture commonly uses high water temperature to speed up developmental rate in intensive production systems, resulting in an increased frequency of skeletal deformities. In order to study the molecular pathology of vertebral deformities, Atlantic salmon was subjected to hyperthermic conditions from fertilization until after the juvenile stage. Fish exposed to the high temperature regime showed a markedly higher growth rate and a significant higher percentage of deformities in the spinal column than fish reared at low temperatures. By analyzing phenotypically normal spinal columns from the two temperature regimes, we found that the increased risk of developing vertebral deformities was linked to an altered gene transcription. In particular, down-regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes such as col1a1, osteocalcin, osteonectin and decorin, indicated that maturation and mineralization of osteoblasts were restrained. Moreover, histological staining and in situ hybridization visualized areas with distorted chondrocytes and an increased population of hypertrophic cells. These findings were further confirmed by an up-regulation of mef2c and col10a, genes involved in chondrocyte hypertrophy. The presented data strongly indicates that temperature induced fast growth is severely affecting gene transcription in osteoblasts and chondrocytes; hence change in the vertebral tissue structure and composition. A disrupted bone and cartilage production was detected, which most likely is involved in the higher rate of deformities developed in the high intensive group. Our results are of basic interest for bone metabolism and contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in development of temperature induced vertebral pathology. The findings may further conduce to future molecular tools for assessing fish welfare in practical farming.