Prevalence and risk of violence and the mental, physical and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: an updated systematic review
Prevalence and risk of violence and the mental, physical and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: an updated systematic review
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DOI：
10.1017/s2045796016000135
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Oram, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ottisova, L.;Hemmings, S.;Oram, S.
背景更新和扩大2012年关于被贩运者中暴力行为的普遍性和风险以及身心健康和性健康问题的普遍性和风险的系统审查。系统回顾和荟萃分析. 15个同行评审文章和博士论文的电子数据库中的一部分通过参考文献筛选、对所纳入文章的引文跟踪和专家建议得到补充。如果研究报告了被贩运期间暴力行为的发生率或风险，或被贩运者身心健康或性健康后果的发生率或风险，则纳入研究。两名评价者独立筛选论文的合格性并评价纳入研究的质量。确定了37篇报告31项研究的论文。大多数研究是在低收入和中等收入国家进行的，涉及被贩运进入性产业的妇女和女孩。关于被贩运男子的健康以及被贩运从事不同形式的剥削对健康造成的后果，证据有限，但正在出现。研究表明，被贩运的妇女、男子和儿童遭受严重暴力，并报告了严重的身体健康症状，包括头痛、胃痛和背痛。最常报告的心理健康问题包括抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍。虽然关于性传播感染的血清学数据有限，但被贩运从事性剥削的妇女和女孩自我报告的症状表明感染率很高。审查的局限性包括主要研究的方法弱点和贩运的定义和操作上的一些差异，这阻碍了结果的可比性和普遍性。越来越多的证据表明，人口贩运与暴力的高发生率和增加的风险以及一系列身心健康问题有关。虽然近年来出现了更多关于被贩运男子和被贩运者的健康状况的研究报告，但在这一领域还需要进一步的研究。迫切需要采取适当的干预措施和支助服务，以满足被贩运者的多重和严重的医疗需求，特别是心理健康需求。
Background. To update and expand on a 2012 systematic review of the prevalence and risk of violence and the prevalence and risk of physical, mental and sexual health problems among trafficked people.Method. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches of 15 electronic databases of peer-reviewed articles and doctoral theses were supplemented by reference screening, citation tracking of included articles and expert recommendations. Studies were included if they reported on the prevalence or risk of violence while trafficked, or the prevalence or risk of physical, mental or sexual health outcomes among people who have been trafficked. Two reviewers independently screened papers for eligibility and appraised the quality of included studies.Results. Thirty-seven papers reporting on 31 studies were identified. The majority of studies were conducted in low and middle-income countries with women and girls trafficked into the sex industry. There is limited but emerging evidence on the health of trafficked men and the health consequences of trafficking into different forms of exploitation. Studies indicate that trafficked women, men and children experience high levels of violence and report significant levels of physical health symptoms, including headaches, stomach pain and back pain. Most commonly reported mental health problems include depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Although serological data on sexually transmitted infections are limited, women and girls trafficked for sexual exploitation self-report symptoms suggestive of a high prevalence of infections. Limitations of the review include methodological weaknesses of primary studies and some differences in definition and operationalisation of trafficking, which hinder comparability and generalisability of the results.Conclusions. There is increasing evidence human trafficking is associated with high prevalence and increased risk of violence and a range of physical and mental health problems. Although more studies have emerged in recent years reporting on the health of trafficked men and people trafficked for forms of exploitation other than in the sex industry, further research is needed in this area. Appropriate interventions and support services to address the multiple and serious medical needs, especially mental health, of trafficked people are urgently needed.