The poverty of cities in developing regions
The poverty of cities in developing regions
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DOI：
10.2307/2808123
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发表时间：
1998-03-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Brennan, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brockerhoff, M;Brennan, E
自1970年代以来，发展中世界的大城市经历了三次前所未有的人口变化：大多数“特大城市”（拥有500万或更多居民的城市）吸收了大量的人口增量;其他大城市的人口规模平均翻了一番;国家人口越来越集中在拥有100万或更多居民的干旱地区。由于这些以及相关的变化，长期以来认为大城市居民的生活条件更好的假设受到了质疑。这项研究使用儿童状况和婴儿死亡率指标，比较发展中地区100万或100万以上居民的城市和较小定居点的福祉。在拉丁美洲和加勒比，大城市居民明显的早期生存优势自1970年代末以来稳步下降，到1990年代初已不再明显。在撒哈拉以南的非洲地区，出现了几十万人的“巨型村庄”，在这些地方，人们的基本需求，如充足的营养、教育和儿童保健，甚至比小城镇都要少。总之，研究结果表明，大城市的可持续发展不仅取决于有效的管理、良好的治理和充足的资源，而且还与城市的规模及其人口增长率有关。
Since the 1970s, big cities of the developing world have experienced three unprecedented demographic changes: Most "mega-cities" (cities with 5 million residents or more) have absorbed huge population increments; other large cities have experienced, on average, a doubling of population size; and national populations have become increasingly concentrated in dries with one million or more residents. As a result of these and related changes, the long-standing presumption that living conditions are better for big-city residents has come into question. This study uses indicators of children's status and level of infant mortality to compare wellbeing across cities of one million or more residents and smaller settlements within developing regions. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the pronounced early survival advantage of big-city residents has declined steadily since the late 1970s and was no longer apparent by the early 1990s. In sub-Saharan Africa "mega-villages" of several hundred thousand people have emerged-places in which such basic human needs as adequate nutrition, schooling, and child health care are less fulfilled than they are even in small towns. In sum findings suggest that sustainable development of large cities is dependent not only on efficient management, good governance, and sufficient resources, but is also related to cities' size and their rate of population growth.