TOLERANCE OF FACIAL BONES TO IMPACT
TOLERANCE OF FACIAL BONES TO IMPACT
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DOI：
10.1002/aja.1001200109
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发表时间：
1967-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
HODGSON, VR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HODGSON, VR
为了确定影响骨折的力学和重要参数，对面骨对钝性冲击的扭力进行了研究。这些信息对于车辆和防护设备的安全设计是迫切需要的，并将有助于面部损伤的诊断和治疗。到目前为止，工作主要集中在颧骨上，因为它易于进行数学分析，而且由于其相对脆弱和突出，容易受到损伤。研究发现，骨折的作用力与时间有关。例如，最高可达1,000磅的强力可以承受3毫秒或更短的极短时间。持续超过4毫秒的撞击会造成近200磅的骨折。这些数字是针对1平方英寸的面积，已经发现，对于持续超过4毫秒的脉冲，如果载荷分布在整个骨骼上，颧骨的容差可以提高150%到250%。一个颧骨周围的线性骨折被发现不会影响面部另一侧的结构完整性，这一事实在同一具身体上的参数比较中非常有用。通过比较三块面骨对四具身体的冲击强度，发现额骨承受的力是下颌骨和颧骨的三到四倍，而下颌骨和颧骨大致相同。
A study of the toler-ance of the facial bones to blunt impact has been conducted for the purpose of determining the mechanics and important parameters affecting fracture. Such information is urgently needed for the safe design of vehicles and protective equipment, and would serve a useful purpose as an aid in the diagnosis and treatment of facial injuries. Work to date has been concentrated around the zygomatic bone because of its amenability to mathematical analysis and susceptibiltiy to damage due to its relative fragility and prominence. The force to fracture the bone has been found to be time dependent. For example, high forces up to 1,000 pounds can be tolerated for extremely short time durations of 3 milliseconds or less. Impacts lasting beyond 4 milliseconds produce fracture near 200 pounds. These figures are for a 1 inch square area, and it has been found that for impulses lasting longer than 4 milliseconds the tolerance of the zygomatic bone can be raised by a factor of 150 to 250% if the load is distributed over the entire bone. A linear fracture around one zygomatic bone has been found not to affect the structural integrity of the opposite side of the face, which fact has been very useful in comparing parameters on the same cadaver. In comparing the impact strength of three facial bones on each of four cadavers, the frontal bone has been found to tolerate a force three or four times higher than the mandible and zygomatic bone which are about equal.