Universal First-Passage-Time Distribution of Non-Gaussian Currents.
Universal First-Passage-Time Distribution of Non-Gaussian Currents.
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevlett.122.230602
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发表时间：
2018-09
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
Shilpi Singh;Paul Menczel;D. Golubev;Ivan M Khaymovich;J. Peltonen;C. Flindt;Keiji Saito;É. Roldán;J. Pekola
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文献类型：
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作者：
Shilpi Singh;Paul Menczel;D. Golubev;Ivan M Khaymovich;J. Peltonen;C. Flindt;Keiji Saito;É. Roldán;J. Pekola
我们研究了通过导体传输的电荷达到给定阈值之前所经过的时间的波动。为此，我们测量了库仑封锁状态下两个金属岛之间转移的电子净数量的首次通过时间的分布。我们的实验结果与基于描述任何非平衡平稳马尔可夫过程的精确首次通过时间分布的最新理论的数值计算非常一致。我们还推导了首次通过时间分布的简单分析近似，该近似考虑了电子传输的非高斯统计，并表明它以高精度描述了实验分布。这种通用近似描述了一类广泛的随机过程，并且可以在介观电荷传输的背景之外使用。此外，我们通过实验验证了正阈值和负阈值的首次通过时间分布之间的波动关系。
We investigate the fluctuations of the time elapsed until the electric charge transferred through a conductor reaches a given threshold value. For this purpose, we measure the distribution of the first-passage times for the net number of electrons transferred between two metallic islands in the Coulomb blockade regime. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with numerical calculations based on a recent theory describing the exact first-passage-time distributions for any nonequilibrium stationary Markov process. We also derive a simple analytical approximation for the first-passage-time distribution, which takes into account the non-Gaussian statistics of the electron transport, and show that it describes the experimental distributions with high accuracy. This universal approximation describes a wide class of stochastic processes, and can be used beyond the context of mesoscopic charge transport. In addition, we verify experimentally a fluctuation relation between the first-passage-time distributions for positive and negative thresholds.