Governments and Citizens Getting to Know Each Other? Open, Closed, and Big Data in Public Management Reform
Governments and Citizens Getting to Know Each Other? Open, Closed, and Big Data in Public Management Reform
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DOI：
10.1002/1944-2866.poi377
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Margetts, Helen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clarke, Amanda;Margetts, Helen
公民和政府的生活越来越数字化，留下了数字数据的痕迹，这些数据有可能支持前所未有的政府-公民相互理解，从而大大改善公共政策和服务。开放数据和开放政府倡议承诺向公民“开放”政府运作。政府本身可以利用新形式的“大数据”分析来了解公民的行为，揭示政策和服务提供的优缺点。然而，在实践中，开放数据作为一种改革发展出现，旨在实现一系列目标，包括刺激经济发展，而不是严格意义上的透明度或改善公共服务。与此同时，各国政府在利用大数据潜力方面进展缓慢，而他们收集的最大数据仍然“封闭”，在情报机构的范围内未得到充分利用。根据2011年至2014年对加拿大、英国和美国公务员和研究人员的采访，本文认为，大数据方法可以提供最大的潜力，作为改善政府-公民相互理解的工具，从而体现数字时代治理的核心原则，一些作者认为这是数字时代最可行的公共管理模式（Dunleavy，Margetts，Bastow，& Tinkler，2005，2006; Margetts & Dunleavy，2013）。
Citizens and governments live increasingly digital lives, leaving trails of digital data that have the potential to support unprecedented levels of mutual government-citizen understanding, and in turn, vast improvements to public policies and services. Open data and open government initiatives promise to "open up" government operations to citizens. New forms of "big data" analysis can be used by government itself to understand citizens' behavior and reveal the strengths and weaknesses of policy and service delivery. In practice, however, open data emerges as a reform development directed to a range of goals, including the stimulation of economic development, and not strictly transparency or public service improvement. Meanwhile, governments have been slow to capitalize on the potential of big data, while the largest data they do collect remain "closed" and under-exploited within the confines of intelligence agencies. Drawing on interviews with civil servants and researchers in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States between 2011 and 2014, this article argues that a big data approach could offer the greatest potential as a vehicle for improving mutual government-citizen understanding, thus embodying the core tenets of Digital Era Governance, argued by some authors to be the most viable public management model for the digital age (Dunleavy, Margetts, Bastow, & Tinkler, 2005, 2006; Margetts & Dunleavy, 2013).