Invasive success and the evolution of enhanced weaponry
Invasive success and the evolution of enhanced weaponry
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DOI：
10.1111/oik.02109
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
M. Gruntman;Sinja Zieger;K. Tielbörger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Gruntman;Sinja Zieger;K. Tielbörger
已经提出的一个解释植物入侵成功的关键假设表明，一些入侵物种产生的化感物质在引入的范围内对幼稚的邻居来说是新颖的，因此在那里提供了优势（新武器假说- NWH）。然而，一个很少被研究的假设表明，入侵种群不仅可以拥有新的武器，而且还可能进化出更强的生产能力。此外，到目前为止，还没有研究既检查的新奇和进化的化感作用。在这里，我们研究了这两个假设，在一组实验与高度入侵植物凤仙花glandulifera。在第一个实验中，我们通过比较来自本地和入侵植物I的叶提取物的抑制作用来研究化感作用能力的进化。glandulifera对优势邻居异株荨麻发芽成功的影响。在下面的实验中，我们通过比较U. dioica种子收集在本地与入侵范围的I。glandulifera，无论是叶提取物或土壤培养与入侵I。有腺类。实验一的结果表明，侵入性I。小腺苔草对乌桕种子萌发有较强的抑制作用。dioica相比，他们的本地同行，提供了支持的假设，化感作用的能力，可以在入侵范围内发展。然而，以下两个实验的结果表明，U的响应没有差异。dioica从本地与入侵范围的I.腺尾藻的叶提取物或驯化土壤的化感作用。因此，这些结果并不能为NWH提供支持，并表明入侵性I的化感作用增加。腺虫可能是通过其他过程选择的。这项研究的结果要求进行植物地理学实验，不仅要研究入侵植物的化感作用的新奇，还要研究其进化过程。
A key hypothesis that has been proposed to explain plants’ invasive success suggests that some invasive species produce allelochemicals that are novel against naive neighbours at the introduced range and therefore provide an advantage there (novel weapons hypothesis – NWH). However, a seldom-studied hypothesis suggests that invasive populations could not only possess novel weapons, but might also evolve their enhanced production. Moreover, so far no study has examined both the novelty and evolution of allelopathic effects. Here, we examined these two hypotheses in a set of experiments with the highly invasive plant Impatiens glandulifera. In the first experiment, we examined the evolution of allelopathic ability by comparing the inhibitory effects of leaf extracts from native versus invasive I. glandulifera on the germination success of its dominant neighbour Urtica dioica. In the following experiments, we examined the NWH by comparing the germination success of U. dioica seeds collected at the native versus invasive range of I. glandulifera, in response to either leaf extracts or soil trained with invasive I. glandulifera. The results of the first experiment indicate that invasive I. glandulifera exert a stronger inhibitory effect on the germination of U. dioica compared to their native counterparts, providing support for the hypothesis that allelopathic ability can evolve at the invasive range. However, the results of the two following experiments reveal no difference in the response of U. dioica from the native versus invasive range of I. glandulifera, to the allelopathic effects of either the leaf extracts or the trained soil. These results therefore do not provide support for the NWH, and suggest that increased allelopathy in invasive I. glandulifera might have been selected for by other processes. The results of this study call for biogeographical experiments that will examine not only the novelty but also the evolution of allelopathic effects in invasive plants.