Diversification in tropics and subtropics following the mid-Miocene climate change: A case study of the spider genus Nesticella
Diversification in tropics and subtropics following the mid-Miocene climate change: A case study of the spider genus Nesticella
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中新世中期气候变化后热带和亚热带的多样化：以蜘蛛属 Nesticella 为例
DOI：
10.1111/gcb.13958
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Li, Shuqiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ballarin, Francesco;Li, Shuqiang
由于其稳定的小气候，洞穴可以在不利的气候条件时期为嗜穴无脊椎动物提供合适的避难所。因此，可能会出现与其表层对应物的异域分歧，导致真正的地下群落的形成（气候遗迹假说）。与更新世冰川作用的充分研究不同，我们对古代气候变化如何推动生活在中低纬度洞穴生物的发展知之甚少。我们研究了嗜穴蜘蛛属 Nesticella（Araneae，Nesticidae）的进化史与亚洲新近纪（23-2.6 Ma）气候变化的关系。我们的分析发现了雀巢菌两个主要分支进化的明显差异，这两个分支发生在温带/亚热带和热带纬度。从中新世中期（类似于15-14Ma）开始，随着气候的逐渐恶化和植被的变化，东亚Nesticella逐渐进化出更加久坐和严格的地下生活方式。洞穴似乎是避难所，因为它们内部温度和湿度均匀，这使得这些蜘蛛能够在外部季节性和栖息地丧失的情况下生存。相比之下，热带谱系的特征是谱系的统一积累、长期的扩散时间和缺乏类似的栖息地转移。这种模式差异可能是由于低纬度地区气候变化的轻微影响以及由此导致的热带环境缺乏强大的气候驱动因素。因此，中新世中期的气候变化似乎是塑造亚洲嗜穴无脊椎动物之间生态差异的主要进化力量，也是中纬度地区永久地下群落的驱动力。
Caves may offer suitable refugia for troglophilic invertebrates during periods of unfavourable climatic conditions because of their stable microclimates. As a consequence, allopatric divergence from their epigean counterparts may occur, leading to formation of truly hypogean communities (the Climatic Relict Hypothesis). Unlike the well-studied effects of Pleistocene glaciations, we know little about how ancient climate changes drove the development of cave-dwelling organisms living at both middle and lower latitudes. We investigate the evolutionary history of the troglophilic spider genus Nesticella (Araneae, Nesticidae) in relation to Asian Neogene (23-2.6 Ma) climatic changes. Our analyses discern clear differences in the evolution of the two main clades of Nesticella, which occur in temperate/subtropical and tropical latitudes. Eastern Asian Nesticella gradually evolved greater sedentariness and a strict subterranean lifestyle starting from the middle Miocene Epoch (similar to 15-14Ma) in conjunction with the progressive deterioration of the climate and vegetational shifts. Caves appear to have acted as refugia because of their internally uniform temperature and humidity, which allowed these spiders to survive increasing external seasonality and habitat loss. In contrast, a uniform accumulation of lineages, long-lasting times for dispersals and the lack of a comparable habitat shifting characterized the tropical lineage. This difference in pattern likely owes to the mild effects of climate change at low latitudes and the consequent lack of strong climatic drivers in tropical environments. Thus, the mid-Miocene climatic shift appears to be the major evolutionary force shaping the ecological differences between Asian troglophilic invertebrates and the driver of the permanent hypogean communities in middle latitudes.