Mechanisms of generalization in perceptual learning
Mechanisms of generalization in perceptual learning
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DOI：
10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00140-6
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Weinshall, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, ZL;Weinshall, D
许多视觉感知任务中的学习已经被证明是特定于实践刺激的，而新的刺激必须从头开始学习。在这里，我们证明了泛化使用一种新的模式在运动歧视的学习已经被证明是具体的。我们训练受试者辨别移动点的方向，并验证了先前的结果，即学习不会从一个训练的方向转移到一个新的方向。然而，通过跟踪受试者在新方向上的表现，我们发现他们的学习速度翻了一番。因此，我们在一个以前被认为太难概括的任务中发现了概括。我们还复制，在第二个实验中，转移后的训练与“容易”的刺激，当运动方向之间的差异扩大。在第三个实验中，我们发现了一种新的概括模式：在掌握了一个简单的刺激的任务后，那些在一个新的方向上简单地区分简单刺激的受试者会在那个方向上概括一个困难的刺激。这种概括依赖于掌握和简短的练习。知觉学习的特殊性和学习“容易”与“困难”任务之间的二分法被认为涉及不同的学习过程在不同的皮层区域。在这里，我们将展示如何解释这些结果的信号检测理论。有限的计算能力的假设下，我们得到了观察到的现象-直接转移和加速学习-任务难度的增加。因此，人类的感知学习和概括与类属辨别系统是一致的。(C)1999 Elsevier Science Ltd.保留所有权利。
Learning in many visual perceptual tasks has been shown to be specific to practiced stimuli, while new stimuli have to be learned from scratch. Here we demonstrate generalization using a novel paradigm in motion discrimination where learning has been previously shown to be specific. We trained subjects to discriminate directions of moving dots, and verified the previous results that learning does not transfer from a trained direction to a new one. However, by tracking the subjects' performance across time in the new direction, we found that their speed of learning doubled. Therefore, we found generalization in a task previously considered too difficult to generalize. We also replicated, in a second experiment, transfer following training with 'easy' stimuli, when the difference between motion directions as enlarged. In a third experiment we found a new mode of generalization: after mastering the task with an easy stimulus, subjects who have practiced briefly to discriminate the easy stimulus in a new direction generalize to a difficult stimulus in that direction. This generalization depends on both the mastering and the brief practice. The specificity of perceptual learning and the dichotomy between learning of 'easy' versus 'difficult' tasks have been assumed to involve different learning processes at different cortical areas. Here we show how to interpret these results in terms of signal detection theory. With the assumption of limited computational capacity, we obtain the observed phenomena - direct transfer and acceleration of learning - for increasing levels of task difficulty. Human perceptual learning and generalization, therefore, concur with a generic discrimination system. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.